北部湾暖池水域表层沉积特征及其环境指示*

doi:10.11978/2017023

Abstract

Abstract:

The development and change of a warm pool have close relationships with sedimentary environment. For the lack of integrated modern sedimentary environmental studies on the Warm Pool of Beibu Gulf, the samples of bottom sediments from the study area within the main part of the Warm Pool were collected and laboratory analysis and identification in granularity, geochemical elements and micropaleontology was carried out. The study and comparison using the above data showed that the provenance came from surrounding up continent crust. Median grain size ranged 1.07Φ~6.88Φ; SiO₂ dominated in macro-geochemical elements with maximum 66.61% and followed by Al₂O₃; micro-geochemical elements and REEs ranged 9.05~297.00μg•g^-1, 0.34~69.43μg•g^-1, respectively, and an averaged chemical index of alteration (CIA) 47.33 and (La/Yb)_N 7.46~10.07 and paleo-biodiversity index of foraminifera and diatom 0~2.52 meaning relatively significant spatial variation under gulf scale. There was primary difference between western and eastern parts of the study area: the former with highest concentration of large part of geo-chemical elements, fine grain, significant fractural in REEs, high CIA and relatively rich provenance and the latter being almost opposite with low elements, low CIA, and so on but with high CaO, MnO and Sr revealing limited provenance supply and probably authigenic carbonate sedimentation. Warm-water foraminifera and subtropical-tropical diatom species took advantage in the study area and ratios between the abundance of species also indicated warm and high saline seawater characteristics especially in the eastern part of the study area. This Warm Pool is either a dependent or an open system, and has a positive effect on maintaining the biological activity, biodiversity and sedimentary environment, especially carbonate sedimentation.

Key words: Beibu Gulf, warm pool, sedimentary environment, carbonate sedimentation

CLC Number:

P736.21

Xiangqing HUANG, Zhen’ang CUI, Kai LIANG, Huayang GAN, Zhen XIA, Zhenhai HUO. The primary sedimentary characteristics of Warm Pool in Beibu Gulf and its environmental indication^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(1): 72-89.

Figures/Tables 16

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	各组分百分率				参数
	砾石	砂	粉砂	黏土	平均粒径/Φ	分选/Φ	偏态	峰态
范围	5.3~14.6	3.5~85.4	0~71.5	0~31.2	1.1~6.9	1.5~3.0	-0.4~0.3	0.8~1.4
平均值	10.4	34.5	46.0	17.8	5.1	2.2	0.0	1.0
变异系数	0.45	0.80	0.48	0.51	0.38	0.23	4.90	0.18
北部	11.2	38.8	43.9	15.1	4.9	2.1	0.1	1.3
中部	0.0	40.9	41.1	18.0	5.3	2.2	0.4	0.9
研究区东部	6.7	48.7	33.9	10.7	3.9	2.1	-0.1	1.1
研究区西部	0.0	26.0	51.0	23.0	6.0	2.4	0.0	0.9

质量分数/%	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	TiO₂
范围	58.52~66.61	3.44~13.31	1.76~4.96	4.15~16.55	1.09~2.26	1.84~2.71	0.66~2.01	0.053~0.227	0.070~0.102	0.17~0.61
平均值	61.65	10.16	3.93	7.52	1.77	2.27	1.49	0.091	0.091	0.49
变异系数	0.04	0.35	0.30	0.56	0.23	0.15	0.32	0.66	0.15	0.28
北部	66.64	10.67	4.72	3.06	1.94	1.87	1.67	0.065	0.081	0.49
中部	66.51	10.54	5.07	3.35	1.84	2.26	1.60	0.064	0.083	0.50
研究区东部	61.29	7.97	3.15	10.23	1.50	2.17	1.20	0.122	0.078	0.41
研究区西部	62.18	11.79	4.49	5.31	1.98	2.37	1.65	0.069	0.093	0.55

质量分数/(μg•g^-1)	Co	Cu	Ni	Pb	Cr	Sr	Zn	Zr	Sc	V	Ga	Ba
范围	3.48~ 12.25	3.75~ 14.70	6.04~ 32.10	20.0~ 30.3	17.1~ 75.10	190~ 530	20.71~ 78.70	15.52~ 74.15	2.83~ 12.20	18.51~ 77.74	2.71~ 17.75	152~ 325
平均值	9.66	10.83	22.94	23.65	55.08	297	59.97	57.92	9.05	59.13	13.15	273
变异系数	0.32	0.38	0.40	0.14	0.39	0.42	0.35	0.33	0.38	0.34	0.41	0.19
北部	11.03	15.96	32.16	25.54	66.14	139	66.56	62.63	10.3	63.68	15.28	210
中部	11.83	15.29	29.57	24.87	68.57	139	67.33	59.83	10.31	64.30	15.6	261
研究区东部	7.49	8.01	16.38	22.73	40.93	390	46.33	45.87	7.00	45.53	9.80	233
研究区西部	11.45	12.99	27.97	25.18	65.57	221	70.53	63.15	10.61	69.57	15.82	306

质量分数 /(μg•g^-1)	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
范围	16.84 ~42.71	32.86 ~85.01	3.89 ~9.60	14.14 ~34.07	2.67 ~6.31	0.66 ~1.21	2.51 ~5.89	0.41 ~0.86	2.65 ~4.99	0.52 ~0.95	1.41 ~2.73	0.22 ~0.43	1.34 ~2.72	0.19 ~0.42
平均值	34.63	69.43	7.82	27.74	5.14	1.02	4.66	0.71	4.11	0.78	2.26	0.34	2.21	0.34
变异系数	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.20	0.24	0.22	0.20	0.20	0.21	0.22	0.21	0.22
北部	35.53	70.58	7.72	28.47	5.21	0.93	4.60	0.73	4.25	0.78	2.31	0.34	2.27	0.35
中部	37.2	72.30	8.20	30.2	5.49	1.01	4.81	0.74	4.22	0.77	2.23	0.33	2.27	0.36
研究区东部	29.49	58.95	6.69	23.78	4.40	0.88	4.00	0.62	3.63	0.68	1.97	0.30	1.95	0.31
研究区西部	37.62	75.88	8.56	30.11	5.61	1.10	5.04	0.77	4.40	0.85	2.41	0.36	2.37	0.37

质量分数/(μg•g^-1)	CIA	CaO/MgO	CaO/P₂O₅	Sr/Ba	δEu	δCe	(La/Yb)_N	(Gd/Yb)_N	(La/Sm)_N
范围	15.28~60.35	2.08~15.23	43.71~247.01	0.64~3.49	0.64~0.84	0.82~0.86	7.46~10.07	1.15~1.37	3.94~4.47
平均值	47.33	5.05	93.30	1.26	0.70	0.85	9.23	1.28	4.20
变异系数	0.33	0.89	0.75	0.78	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.06	0.04
北部	61.13	1.74	40.74	0.78	0.61	0.85	9.33	1.25	4.26
中部	57.22	1.96	47.60	0.56	0.63	0.84	9.96	1.32	4.23
研究区东部	37.06	8.11	143.20	1.98	0.73	0.83	8.75	1.22	4.16
研究区西部	55.61	2.78	57.75	0.72	0.68	0.86	9.47	1.30	4.20

The primary sedimentary characteristics of Warm Pool in Beibu Gulf and its environmental indication^*

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类型	站位	优势种	含量/%	均方差/%
有孔虫	S19	B. nodosaris - T. foliace - H. praecineta - P. schroeteriana	56.86	0.01
	S20	S. orbis - Q. seminula - T. conica - P. schroeteriana	73.58	0.10
	S22	T. foliace - H. praecineta - P. schroeteriana - E. advenum	64.40	0.07
	S23	H. mantaensis - T. foliace - Q. seminula - Florilus decorus	61.03	0.06
	S24	T. conica - Q. seminula - B. nodosaris - P. schroeteriana - S. orbis - T. foliace	60.48	0.01
	S26	P. schroeteriana - H. praecineta - Q. seminula - H. mantaensis - T. foliace	56.91	0.01
	S27	P. schroeteriana - P. lateralis - H. praecineta - T. foliace - H. mantaensis	52.88	0.03
	S28	Hanzawaia concentrina - A. madagascariensis - P. schroeteriana - H. mantaensis - Q. seminula	50.10	0.01
硅藻	S19	Actinocyclus ehrenbergi - C. striata - S. fluminensis	33.90	0.003
	S20	C. striata - M. sulcata	53.62	0.002
	S22	C. striata	52.63	0.003
	S23	C. striata - S. fluminensis - N. fasciculata	54.29	0.06
	S24	S. fluminensis - N. fasciculate - C. lorenziana	42.00	0.03
	S28	C. lorenziana - C. striata	34.62	0.08

质量分数	有孔虫			硅藻
质量分数	浮游种/底栖种	温跃层种/混合层种	冷水种/暖水种	热性种/广温种	咸水种/半咸水种	浮游种/底栖种
比值范围	0~0.91	0~0.36	0~0.37	0~0.49	0~2.20	0~0.33
北部	0.00	—	—	0.12	0.10	—
中部	0.02	—	0.13	0.11	0.12	—
研究区东部	0.02	—	0.11	0.24	1.00	0.05
研究区西部	0.44	0.14	0.17	0.17	0.25	0.14

H'	有孔虫		硅藻		有孔虫和硅藻
H'	浮游	底栖	浮游	底栖	总浮游	总底栖	∑H'
范围	0~0.90	1.06~2.52	0~0.69	1.07~2.33	0~0.90	2.12~4.59	2.13~5.47
北部	—	1.58	0.00	1.33	0.00	2.91	2.91
中部	0.00	2.07	—	1.52	0.00	3.59	3.59
研究区东部	0.00	2.10	0.21	1.92	0.21	4.02	4.23
研究区西部	0.27	2.21	0.46	1.66	0.73	3.87	4.60

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The primary sedimentary characteristics of Warm Pool in Beibu Gulf and its environmental indication*

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The primary sedimentary characteristics of Warm Pool in Beibu Gulf and its environmental indication^*