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热带海洋学报

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波浪滑翔机观测性能试验评估分析

李子平1, 赵中阔2, 陈天成1, 王志成3, 刘显通2, 麦宗鉴1, 张恩泽4, 仇志金5   


  1. 1. 广东省茂名市气象局, 广东 茂名 525000;

    2. 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所, 广东 广州 510080;

    3. 中国气象局气象探测中心, 北京 100081;

    4. 浙江省舟山市嵊泗气象局, 浙江 舟山 202450;

    5. 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所, 山东 青岛 266000



  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2026-01-17 接受日期:2026-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 赵中阔
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3008003); 国家自然科学基金(41875021); 广东省气象局科技项目(GRMC2023M39)

Evaluation and Analysis of Observation Performance Tests for Wave Gliders

LI Ziping1, ZHAO Zhongkuo2, CHEN Tiancheng3, WANG Zhicheng1, LIU Xiantong2, MAI Zongjian3, ZHANG Enze4, QIU Zhijin5   

  1. 1. Maoming Meteorological Office of Guangdong Province, Maoming 525000, China;

    2. Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China;

    3. Meteorological Observation Centre of CMA, Beijing 100081, China;

    4. Zhoushan Shengsi Meteorological Office of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 202450, China;

    5. Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Shandong Academy of Sciences，Qingdao 266000, China



  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2026-01-17 Accepted:2026-01-23
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3008003); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875021); Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Meteorological Service(GRMC2023M39)

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摘要： 波浪滑翔机是一种以波浪能为驱动力的新型海洋无人移动观测平台，可实现自主航行海洋气象观测，为海洋气象观测提供了新手段。本研究旨在评估国产波浪滑翔机可靠性与适用性。2023年9月11日-16日在三亚以东南海海域开展观测试验，以南海5号锚碇浮标观测数据为参考，对该波浪滑翔机气象与水文观测性能进行了量化评估。结果表明：波浪滑翔机所观测气温、相对湿度、风速和气压的标准差分别是0.45℃、2.20%、0.86m·s-1和1.49hPa；相对南海5号浮标，均方根偏差分别是0.46℃、1.50%、1.12m·s-1和0.3hPa；相关系数分别为0.85、0.79、0.72和0.98，表现出良好的的一致性和可靠性。该设备对热带低压过程具有快速响应能力，并可实现海面以下90米深度温盐剖面观测。结合卫星遥感与分析场数据分析显示，气压受海表局地过程的影响较弱，而气温、相对湿度与风等要素对中小尺度海表结构的响应更为显著。试验验证了国产波浪滑翔机观测数据的可靠性，具备“海气界面-水下剖面”立体观测能力，为海洋气象监测、数值预报模式改进及卫星产品校验等提供可靠移动观测手段。

关键词: 波浪滑翔机, 海洋气象, 海面观测, 试验评估, 南海

Abstract: The wave glider is a novel unmanned mobile observation platform powered by wave energy, capable of autonomous navigation for marine meteorological observations, providing a new technological means for marine environmental monitoring. To evaluate the reliability and applicability of a domestically developed wave glider, an observation experiment was conducted in the South China Sea southeast of Sanya from September 11 to 16, 2023. Using data from the anchored buoy "South China Sea No. 5" as a reference, the meteorological and hydrological observation performance of the wave glider was quantitatively assessed. The results indicate that the standard deviations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure observed by the wave glider were 0.45℃, 2.20%, 0.86 m·s-¹, and 1.49 hPa, respectively.Compared with the "South China Sea No. 5" buoy, the root mean square deviations were 0.46℃, 1.50%, 1.12 m·s-¹, and 0.3 hPa,with correlation coefficients of 0.85, 0.79, 0.72, and 0.98, respectively, demonstrating good consistency and reliability. The equipment responded rapidly to tropical depression processes and achieved temperature and salinity profile observations down to 90 meters below the sea surface. Analysis combined with satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data further revealed that atmospheric pressure is less affected by local sea surface processes, while air temperature, relative humidity, and wind respond more significantly to meso- and small-scale sea surface structures. The experiment verifies the reliability of the domestically produced wave glider and its capability for integrated "air-sea interface—subsurface profile" observation, providing an effective mobile observation platform for marine meteorological monitoring, numerical weather prediction improvement, and satellite product validation.

Key words: wave glider, marine meteorology, sea surface observations, experimental evaluation, South China Sea