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热带海洋学报

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南沙群岛新近纪碳酸盐台地中的微体化石及其意义

苏翔1, 向荣1, 易亮2, 张强1, 张亚南3, 秦国权4, 万随1, 颜文1, 5
  

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 边缘海与大洋地质实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 511458;

    2. 同济大学海洋地质全国重点实验室, 上海 200092;

    3. 深地过程与战略矿产资源全国重点实验室, 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广东 广州 510640;

    4. 中国海洋石油总公司南海东部石油公司, 广东 广州 510240;

    5. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049



  • 收稿日期:2025-12-20 修回日期:2026-02-07 接受日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 向荣
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划项目(2021-06; 2022-24); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(42476066)

Microfossils in the Neogene carbonate platform of Nansha Islands and their significance

SU Xiang1, XIANG Rong1, YI Liang2, ZHANG Qiang1, ZHANG Yanan3, QIN Guoquan4, WAN Sui1, YAN Wen1, 5   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China

    2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

    3. State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

    4. East China Sea Research Institute of CNOOC Research Center, Guangzhou 510240, China

    5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China



  • Received:2025-12-20 Revised:2026-02-07 Accepted:2026-03-09
  • Supported by:

    National Key R&D Program of China (2021-06; 2022-24); National Natural Science Foundation of China (42476066)

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摘要： 生物礁是生产力水平最高、生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一, 对全球碳循环至关重要。南海发育了西太平洋最大的碳酸盐台地, 在南沙群岛美济环礁上钻取的全取心井——NK-1井, 为评估南海生物礁的长期演化提供了良好机会。为了揭示南沙群岛的演化历史及其控制因素, 需要对NK-1井建立更可靠的年龄约束。本研究提供了NK-1井生物礁碳酸岩中微体化石（钙质超微化石、有孔虫和放射虫）丰度和多样性的新记录, 基于微体化石组合, 在NK-1井序列中识别出7个生物地层事件, 揭示了从早中新世到更新世的连续沉积序列。通过结合古地磁年代数据, 重建了南沙群岛碳酸盐台地的发育和演化。NK-1井生物礁序列的底界年龄估计为23.03 ± 1.06 Ma, 接近渐新世/中新世边界。新的年代地层格架揭示了3个短暂的沉积间断（3.6~2.4 Ma, 11.1~10.0 Ma, 和 13.5~11.9 Ma）, 它们分别与210.3m、464.6m和561.6m处的显著暴露面良好对应。通过与南沙和西沙群岛生物礁深钻岩心的地层和堆积速率记录对比, 揭示了南海自新近纪以来极其相似的碳酸盐台地演化历史。结果表明, 南海碳酸盐台地的发育经历了晚渐新世/早中新世初始阶段、早-中中新世快速生长阶段、中-晚中新世侵蚀阶段、中新世-上新世稳定发育阶段和第四纪快速生长阶段, 主要受全球海平面变化、环境因素和区域构造运动（如南海海盆扩张、沙巴造山运动和东沙运动）的影响。

关键词: 碳酸盐台地, 微体化石, 构造运动, 海平面变化, 南海

Abstract: Biogenic reefs are unique geologic bodies that are the products of biological activity in tropical and subtropical oceans and critical to global carbon cycling. The South China Sea (SCS) has developed largest carbonate platforms in the Western Pacific. The fully-cored Well NK-1, which is drilled through the reef complex on the Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands, offers good opportunity for assessing the long-term evolutions of biogenic reefs in the SCS. To reveal the evolution history of Nansha Islands and their controlling factors, more credible age constraints on core NK-1 are needed. This research presents new records of microfossils (calcareous nannofossil, foraminifer and radiolarians) abundances and diversities in the biogenic reef carbonates of core NK-1. Based on the assemblages of the calcareous microfossils, seven biostratigraphic datums are recognized from the sequence of core NK-1, revealing a general continuous succession of the earliest Miocene to Pleistocene age. By combining with the magnetostratigraphic data, the development and evolution of carbonate platform in Nansha Islands are reconstructed. The bottom age of the biogenic reef sequence of NK-1 is estimated for 23.03 ± 1.06 Ma, close to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. The new chronology highlights three short hiatuses of 3.6~2.4 Ma, 11.1~10.0 Ma, and 13.5~11.9 Ma, which are well correlated with the prominent exposed surfaces at 210.3 m, 464.6 m and 561.6 m, respectively. It reveals remarkably similar evolution history of carbonate platforms in the SCS since Neogene by comparing with records of stratigraphy and growth rate from deep drilling cores on isolated coral reefs in Nansha and Xisha Islands. The results showed that the SCS carbonate platform developments, which go through Late Oligocene / Early Miocene initiation phase, Early-Middle Miocene rapid growth phase, Middle-Late Miocene erosion phase, Miocene-Pliocene stable development phase and Quaternary growth phase, are mainly influenced by global sea level changes, environmental factors and regional tectonism such as the SCS basin spreading, Sabah Orogeny Movement and Dongsha Movement.

Key words: Carbonate platform, Microfossils, Tectonic movement, Sea level change, South China Sea