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热带海洋学报

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低温驱动丝状噬菌体对假交替单胞菌生物膜的降解作用

柴霜1,2,刘自尧3,李青1,2,郭云学2,3,王晓雪2,3,王伟权3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东, 烟台 264003;

    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

    3. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东, 广州 510301



  • 收稿日期:2026-04-17 修回日期:2026-04-25 接受日期:2026-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 王伟权
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2816003);国家自然科学基金项目(42406114, 92451302, 42188102);中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO2023QY03);海洋负排放大科学计划(ONCE).

Low temperature drives filamentous phages to degrade Pseudoalteromonas biofilms

CHAI Shuang¹,², LIU Ziyao3, LI Qing¹,², GUO Yunxue2,3, WANG Xiaoxue2,3, WANG Weiquan3   

  1. 1. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    3. Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510301, China.



  • Received:2026-04-17 Revised:2026-04-25 Accepted:2026-04-28
  • Supported by:

    the National Key R&D Programme of China (grant no.2024YFC2816003); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant numbers 42406114, 92451302 and 42188102; the special fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, grant number SCSIO2023QY03; and the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) Program.

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摘要： 丝状噬菌体在海洋中广泛分布，其与细菌宿主相互作用具有重要的生物学意义。本研究以一株分离自北极地区的产黑假交替单胞菌（Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens）SCSIO 43210（Pn43210）为对象，发现其在15°C寡营养条件下形成的生物膜于培养第3天开始降解，而25°C条件下形成的生物膜保持完整。本研究通过基因组重测序、转录组测序及功能验证，初步揭示了该温度依赖性生物膜降解的分子机制。即低温培养特异性激活了宿主Pn43210基因组中两个串联重复的丝状原噬菌体，并鉴定了丝状原噬菌体中潜在的切离酶。同时，丝状原噬菌体侧翼携带的一对毒素-抗毒素系统（BrnT/BrnA）在生物膜状态下转录显著上调，其中BrnT具有细胞毒性，BrnA可完全拮抗该毒性。本研究初步揭示在假交替单胞菌中，低温培养通过激活丝状原噬菌体及其侧翼毒素-抗毒素系统调控生物膜降解的分子通路，为极地微生物的低温适应策略提供了新见解。

关键词: 假交替单胞菌, 丝状原噬菌体, 温度, 生物膜

Abstract: Filamentous phages are widely distributed in the ocean, and their interactions with bacterial hosts have important biological significance. In this study, we used a strain of Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens SCSIO 43210 (designated Pn43210) isolated from the Arctic region as the research object. We found that the biofilm formed under oligotrophic conditions at 15°C began to degrade on the third day of culture, whereas the biofilm formed at 25°C remained intact. Through genome resequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and functional validation, we preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism underlying this temperature-dependent biofilm degradation. Specifically, low temperature activated two tandem identical copies of a filamentous prophage in the host genome. We also identified a gene with potential excisionase function. A toxin‑antitoxin system (BrnT/BrnA) located in the prophage flanking region was significantly upregulated in biofilm cells. BrnT exhibited cytotoxicity, and BrnA completely counteracted this toxicity. This study provides initial insights into the molecular pathway by which low temperature regulates biofilm degradation through activation of the filamentous prophage and its adjacent toxin‑antitoxin system inPseudoalteromonas. These findings offer new perspectives on the cold‑adaptation strategies of polar microorganisms.

Key words: Pseudoalteromonas, filamentous phage, temperature, biofilm