平陆运河出海口沙井岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落响应近自然修复的变化分析

doi:10.11978/2025199

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 29-40.doi: 10.11978/2025199CSTR: 32234.14.2025199

平陆运河出海口沙井岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落响应近自然修复的变化分析

谢亚军¹(), 戴志军¹^,²(), 陈俭清¹^,³(), 钟明涛¹, 黄强¹, 王日明¹^,³

¹ 北部湾大学, 海洋学院, 广西钦州 535011
² 华东师范大学, 河口海岸全国重点实验室, 上海 200062
³ 北部湾大学, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站/广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011

收稿日期:2025-10-22 修回日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 戴志军, email: zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn;陈俭清, email: chenjianqing@bbgu.edu.cn
作者简介:
谢亚军(2002—), 贵州省毕节市人, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为海洋科学。email: 3133382356@qq.com
基金资助:
广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室开放课题(2023KA02); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930537)

Analysis of changes in macrobenthic community in the Shajing Island intertidal zone of the Pinglu Canal estuary in response to near-natural restoration

XIE Yajun¹(), DAI Zhijun¹^,²(), CHEN Jianqing¹^,³(), ZHONG Mingtao¹, HUANG Qiang¹, WANG Riming¹^,³

¹ College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
² National Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
³ Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

Received:2025-10-22 Revised:2025-11-16 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: DAI Zhijun, email: zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn;CHEN Jianqing, email: chenjianqing@bbgu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf University(2023KA02); National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(41930537)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球河口沙岛正遭受高强度陆海动力作用的强烈影响, 生态系统普遍出现脆弱、退化及丧失趋势, 采取生态修复技术以恢复沙岛健康成为目前河口治理的主要目标之一。本文以平陆运河(新中国成立以来最大的运河)出海口沙井岛西部退化岸段为研究区, 基于实测站位分析区域潮间带大型底栖动物对竹栅栏近自然修复技术的响应变化, 进而评估区域近自然修复技术的生态成效。结果表明沙井岛西部退化岸段修复前后的大型底栖动物均以节肢动物为主, 占比分别为62.5%和66.7%; 大型底栖动物相对重要性指数(I_RI)由修复前均低于100, 提升为修复后个别站位超过100; Simpson多样性指数(D)由修复前0.51提升至修复后0.92; Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Hʹ)由修复前1.08提升至修复后1.55。Pielou均匀度指数(J)保持稳定。修复前大型底栖动物生物量为3.84g·m⁻², 修复后生物量达到了73.44g·m⁻²。平均密度由修复前(38.40±8.76)ind·m^-2提升至修复后(144±68.82)ind·m⁻², 增长了275%。大型底栖动物丰度/生物量比较曲线(abundance/biomass comparison curve, ABC)的W值由修复前−0.03提升至修复后−0.01; 大型底栖动物污染指数(macrobenthos pollution index, MPI)由修复前1.54提升至修复后2.08。通过对修复前后各参数比较得出以下结论: 修复前大型底栖动物群落结构简单、脆弱, 修复后群落摆脱了修复前没有主要种的状态, 出现了代表的主要种群, 标志着群落结构趋于稳定; 修复后生物多样性显著提升, 大型底栖动物的平均密度大幅度增加, 均匀度变化不显著; 虽然修复后的大型底栖动物群落仍受到严重扰动, 但是与修复前比较已有明显改善。研究还发现沙井岛西部退化岸段高程与大型底栖动物相对丰度和生物量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。基于大型底栖动物调查结果, 本研究表明竹栅栏近自然修复工程可有效提升栖息地稳定性, 促进生物多样性的恢复, 从而为平陆运河出海口生境受损恢复提供科学支持。

关键词: 平陆运河, 河口, 近自然修复, 大型底栖动物

Abstract:

Global estuarine sand islands are severely impacted by high-intensity land-sea dynamics, leaving their ecosystems generally fragile, degraded or even lost. Applying ecological restoration techniques to restore the health of sand islands is one of the primary objectives of estuary management. This study takes the degraded section of the western coast of Shajing Island at the estuary of the Pinglu Canal, the largest canal constructed since the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the research area. Based on sampling site survey data, this study first analyzed changes in the intertidal macrobenthic community following the implementation of near-natural bamboo fence restoration. These findings were then used to evaluate the overall ecological impact of this restoration technique in the region. The results showed that the macrobenthos before and after the restoration of Shajing Island were mainly arthropods, accounting for 62.5% and 66.7% of the total species, respectively. The index of relative importance (I_RI) of macrobenthos increased from below 100 before restoration to above 100 at some sampling sites after restoration. The Simpson diversity index (D) increased significantly from 0.51 before restoration to 0.92 after restoration, and the Shannon Wiener diversity index (Hʹ) also increased from 1.08 to 1.55. The mean Pielou uniformity index (J) showed no significant change. The biomass of macrobenthos was 3.84 g·m⁻² before restoration and reached 73.44 g·m⁻² after restoration. The average density of macrobenthos increased from (38.40±8.76) ind·m⁻² before restoration to (144±68.82) ind·m⁻² after restoration, an increase of 275%. The W value of the abundance/biomass comparison curve (ABC curve) of macrobenthos increased from −0.03 before restoration to −0.01 after restoration. The macrobenthos pollution index (MPI) increased from 1.54 before restoration to 2.08 after restoration. By comparing the parameters before and after restoration, the following conclusions can be drawn: before restoration, the community structure of macrobenthos was simple and fragile; after restoration, the community broke free from a state of no major species, and representative main populations emerged, indicating that the community structure tended to stabilize. Biodiversity increased significantly after restoration compared to before. The average density of macrobenthos increased markedly, whereas evenness showed no significant change. Although the restored community of macrobenthos was still severely disturbed, there has been a significant improvement after restoration compared to the pre-restoration state. Our study further revealed that elevation has a significant positive correlation with the relative abundance and biomass of macrobenthos (P<0.05). Through macrobenthic investigation, this study demonstrates that the bamboo fence near-nature restoration project can effectively improve habitat stability and promote the restoration of biodiversity. These findings provide scientific support for the restoration of damaged habitats at the estuary of the Pinglu Canal.

Key words: Pinglu Canal, estuary, near-natural restoration, macrobenthos

中图分类号:

谢亚军, 戴志军, 陈俭清, 钟明涛, 黄强, 王日明. 平陆运河出海口沙井岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落响应近自然修复的变化分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 29-40.

XIE Yajun, DAI Zhijun, CHEN Jianqing, ZHONG Mingtao, HUANG Qiang, WANG Riming. Analysis of changes in macrobenthic community in the Shajing Island intertidal zone of the Pinglu Canal estuary in response to near-natural restoration[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 29-40.

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序号	物种	修复前相对重要性指数(I_RI)					修复后相对重要性指数(I_RI)
序号	物种	SJ1	SJ2	SJ3	SJ4	SJ5	SJ1	SJ2	SJ3	SJ4	SJ5
1	疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus)	19	0	0	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
2	太平大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus pacificus)	0	43	57	0	0	57	111	20	70	16
3	彩拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea ornata)	0	37	0	36	0	-	-	-	-	-
4	口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)	0	0	23	0	14	9	29	23	0	6
5	双齿近相手蟹(Parasesarma bidens)	0	0	0	0	24	0	67	0	50	80
6	四角蛤蜊(Mactra quadrangularis)	0	0	0	0	9	-	-	-	-	-
7	宽身大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus abbreviatus)	21	0	0	9	0	-	-	-	-	-
8	四齿大额蟹(Metopograpsus quadridentatus)	0	0	0	22	80	0	3	0	0	0
9	大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostri)	-	-	-	-	-	15	0	0	0	0
10	日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicus)	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	30	0	0
11	蝼蛄虾[Upogebia major (De Haan, 1841)]	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	9	0
12	秀丽织纹螺(Reticunassa festiva)	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	0	0	7

修复阶段	采样站位	物种数	密度/(ind·m⁻²)	Simpson多样性指数(D)	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Hʹ)	Pielou均匀度指数(J)
修复前	SJ1	2	48	0.44	0.92	0.92
	SJ2	2	32	0.50	1.00	1.00
	SJ3	2	32	0.50	1.00	1.00
	SJ4	2	32	0.44	0.92	0.92
	SJ5	3	48	0.67	1.58	0.42
	均值		38.40 ± 8.76	0.51 ± 0.09	1.08 ± 0.28	0.85 ± 0.24
修复后	SJ1	4	160	0.96	1.76	0.88
	SJ2	3	256	0.99	1.38	0.69
	SJ3	2	112	0.67	1.38	0.87
	SJ4	3	80	0.96	1.37	0.86
	SJ5	4	112	0.92	1.84	0.92
	均值		144.00 ± 68.82	0.92 ± 0.13	1.55 ± 0.23	0.85 ± 0.09

平陆运河出海口沙井岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落响应近自然修复的变化分析

Analysis of changes in macrobenthic community in the Shajing Island intertidal zone of the Pinglu Canal estuary in response to near-natural restoration

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