热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 119-135.doi: 10.11978/2024188

• 海洋生态学 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿华岛海域海藻场大型底栖生物群落结构及其对环境因子的响应

孙佳宁1(), 王玉清1, 章守宇1,2,3, 王凯1,2,3()   

  1. 1.上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306
    2.上海海洋大学海洋牧场工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306
    3.农业农村部海洋牧场建设专家咨询委员会东海区海洋牧场综合工作站, 上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08 修回日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
  • 通讯作者: 王凯
  • 作者简介:

    孙佳宁(2000—), 女, 山东省潍坊市人, 硕士研究生, 从事大型底栖生物生态研究。email:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900904); 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901303); 国家自然科学基金(41876191)

Structure of macrobenthic community in the seaweed beds of Lvhua Island waters and its response to environmental factors

SUN Jianing1(), WANG Yuqing1, ZHANG Shouyu1,2,3, WANG Kai1,2,3()   

  1. 1. College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
    2. Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Ranching, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
    3. Marine Ranching Comprehensive Workstation of the East China Sea, Expert Advisory Committee of Marine Ranching Construction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2024-11-05 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
  • Contact: WANG Kai
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0900904); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0901303); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876191)

摘要:

为深入探讨影响绿华岛海域大型海藻及底栖动物种群动态变化的关键因素, 本研究通过现场生态调查, 采用相对重要性指数 (index of relative importance, IRI)、生物多样性指数及典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)等方法, 结合海藻场大型海藻的生长时期, 即幼苗期(2021年8—9月)、生长期(11—12月)和茂盛期(2022年5—6月), 分析了绿华岛及其邻近海域的大型底栖生物群落组成、生物多样性及与种群变动相关的环境因子。研究结果表明: (1)绿华岛及邻近海域海藻场共鉴定出大型底栖生物113种, 包括49种底栖动物和64种大型海藻, 分属九大门类。其中软体动物门和红藻门的种类数最多, 红藻门在各生长时期均表现出种类优势。瓦氏马尾藻(Sargassum vachellianum)、铜藻(Sargassum horneri)、锈凹螺(Chlorostoma rustica)和紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)为主要优势种。九大门类在三个生长时期的平均丰度为30ind·m-2, 平均生物量为23.83g·m-2。(2)不同生长时期的生物物种数有所差异, 幼苗期最高。丰度与生物量的变动与水温的周期性变化密切相关, 丰度表现为幼苗期(36ind·m-2)>茂盛期(30ind·m-2)>生长期(23ind·m-2), 生物量变化也为幼苗期(25.40g·m-2)>茂盛期(23.88g·m-2)>生长期(22.20g·m-2)。主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)显示, 不同时期大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)鳗头山站点的底栖生物种类、丰度、生物量及生物多样性均为最高, 鳗对山站点的多样性最低, 西绿华站点的物种数最少。东绿华南站点的优势种和重要种差异较小, 生物量和丰度处于最低水平; 而贻贝养殖区站点各时期优势种和重要种的重合度较低。(4)除盐度外, 水温(P=0.009)、pH(P=0.001)和溶解氧(P=0.002)均为影响绿华岛海域大型底栖生物分布的重要环境因子, 而盐度(P=0.149)的影响不显著。不同站点的生物对环境因子的适应性存在差异, 鳗头山和鳗对山站点的群落结构与4个环境因子呈正相关, 而贻贝地、西绿华和东绿华北站点则呈负相关。在九个门类中, 褐藻门与4个环境因子呈负相关, 而盐度对腔肠动物门有一定的正相关关系。本研究有助于加深对大型底栖生物在海藻场生态系统中调控作用的认知, 同时也为研究区域生物资源的保护与利用、海藻场建设及生态修复提供科学依据。

关键词: 绿华岛, 海藻场, 大型海藻, 大型底栖动物, 生长时期, 环境因子

Abstract:

To explore the factors influencing the population dynamics of macroalgae and benthic fauna in the marine area surrounding Lvhua Island, this study conducted field ecological surveys employing the index of relative importance (IRI), biodiversity indices, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). These methods were applied across three macroalgal growth stages in the algal beds: seedling (August-September 2021), growth (November-December 2021), and flourishing (May-June 2022), to analyze the community composition, biodiversity, and environmental factors associated to macrobenthic population changes in Lvhua Island and its adjacent waters. The results revealed the following: (1) A total of 113 macrobenthic species were identified in the algal beds of Lvhua Island and its neighboring waters, including 49 species of benthic fauna and 64 macroalgal species, belonging to nine phyla. Among them, Mollusca and Rhodophyta had the highest number of species, with Rhodophyta dominating species diversity across all observed periods. The dominant species included Sargassum vachellianum, Sargassum horneri, Chlorostoma rustica, and Anthocidaris crassispina. The average abundance of the nine phyla across the three growth stages was 30 ind·m-2, and the average biomass was 23.83 g·m-2. (2) Species richness varied by growth stage, peaking during the seedling stage. Abundance and biomass fluctuations were closely tied to periodic water temperature changes, with abundance ranked as seedling stage (36 ind·m-2) > flourishing stage (30 ind·m-2) > growth stage (23 ind·m-2), and biomass following a similar trend: seedling stage (25.40 g·m-2) > flourishing stage (23.88 g·m-2) > growth stage (22.20 g·m-2). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences in macrobenthic community structure across different growth stages (P<0.05). (3) The Mentoushan station recorded the highest species richness, abundance, biomass, and biodiversity, while Menduishan station exhibited the lowest diversity, and the Xilvhua station had the fewest species. Dominant and important species showed minimal variation at Donglvhua South station, where both biomass and abundance were lowest, whereas the mussel farming area displayed relatively low overlap between dominant and important species. (4) Except for salinity, water temperature (P=0.009), pH (P=0.001), and dissolved oxygen (P=0.002) significantly influenced macrobenthic distribution in Lvhua Island waters, while salinity (P=0.149) had no significant effect. Organismal adaptability to environmental factors varied by station: Mentoushan and Menduishan stations showed positive correlations with all four environmental factors, whereas Yibeidi, Xilvhua, and Donglvhua North stations exhibited negative correlations. Among the nine phyla, Phaeophyta correlated negatively with all environmental factors, while Cnidaria showed a positive correlation with salinity. This study enhances understanding of the regulatory role of macrobenthic organisms in algal bed ecosystems and provides a scientific foundation for biological resource conservation, algal bed construction, and ecological restoration in the study area.

Key words: Lvhua Island, seaweed beds, macroalgae, macrozoobenthos, growth stages, environmental factors

中图分类号: 

  • P735