茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价*

doi:10.11978/2025193

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 140-152.doi: 10.11978/2025193CSTR: 32234.14.2025193

茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价^*

王泽宇¹(), 鲁栋梁¹^,²^,³(), 周姣娣¹^,²(), 金竹灵¹, 陆金凤¹, 李晨阳¹

¹ 北部湾大学, 海洋学院, 广西钦州 535011
² 北部湾大学, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011
³ 北部湾大学, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西钦州 535011

收稿日期:2025-10-16 修回日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 鲁栋梁, email: ldl@bbgu.edu.cn;周姣娣, email: Zhoujodie@bbgu.edu.cn
作者简介:
王泽宇(2000—), 男, 山东省济宁市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋环境生态安全研究。email: 1906319682@qq.com
*感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵意见和指导
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金项目(GuikeLT2504240009); 广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFDA02850005); 国家自然科学基金项目(41966002); 国家自然科学基金项目(42166002); 广西北部湾海洋灾害研究重点实验室自主项目(2023ZZ01); 开放课题(2020KF02); 国家自然科学基金共享航次计划项目(42349911) “2023年度北部湾科学考察实验研究(航次编号: NORC2024-11) ”; “2023年度北部湾科学考察实验研究(NORC2024-11); 广西北部湾海洋生态环境野外观测研究站科研能力建设项目(Guike 230267271)

Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of biogenic elements in sediments of the Maowei Sea^*

WANG Zeyu¹(), LU Dongliang¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Jiaodi¹^,²(), JIN Zhuling¹, LU Jinfeng¹, LI Chenyang¹

¹ College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
² Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
³ Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

Received:2025-10-16 Revised:2025-11-12 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: LU Dongliang, email: ldl@bbgu.edu.cn;ZHOU Jiaodi, email: Zhoujodie@bbgu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(GuikeLT2504240009); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2025GXNSFDA02850005); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41966002); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42166002); Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Independent Project(2023ZZ01); Open Topic(2020KF02); Experimental Research on Beibu Gulf Scientific Expedition 2023 (NORC2024-11) under the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shared Voyage Program Proiect (42349911); Experimental Research on Beibu Gulf Scientific Expedition 2023(NORC2024-11); Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station(Guike 230267271)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于2024年7月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)对茅尾海16个站位表层沉积物样品调查与分析, 通过综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法评价其污染状况。结果表明: 丰水期总有机碳 (total organic carbon, TOC)、总氮 (total nitrogen, TN)、总磷 (total phosphorus, TP)、生物硅 (biogenic silica, BSi)的质量分数范围分别为0.296%~0.953%、0.010%~0.112%、0.027%~0.155%、0.291%~0.520%; 枯水期其质量分数范围分别为0.038%~1.487%、0.004%~0.127%、0.016%~0.113%、0.089%~0.982%。枯水期TOC、TN和BSi含量高于丰水期, 而TP无显著性季节差异, 生源要素含量整体从河口到外湾呈递减趋势。TOC/TN比值显示, 丰水期有机质来源于海陆混合输入, 枯水期则以陆源输入为主。生源要素的分布受沉积物粒度与含水率影响显著(P<0.05), 枯水期叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)与生源要素均呈显著性相关(P<0.01)。污染评价表明, 氮、磷整体呈轻度污染状态, 其中茅岭江和钦江的河口区氮、磷污染较严重; 有机污染呈清洁-较清洁的状态。本研究结果为平陆运河工程建设期间茅尾海底质生态环境的监控与风险管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 表层沉积物, 生源要素, 污染评价, 时空分布, 茅尾海

Abstract:

Based on the investigation and analysis of surface sediment samples collected from 16 stations in the Maowei Sea during the wet season (July 2024) and dry season (December 2024), this study evaluated the pollution status using the comprehensive pollution index method and organic pollution index method. The results showed that the mass fraction ranges of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and biogenic silica (BSi) during the wet season were from 0.296% to 0.953%, 0.010% to 0.112%, 0.027% to 0.155%, and 0.291% to 0.520%, respectively. During the dry season, the corresponding ranges were 0.038%-1.487%, 0.004%-0.127%, 0.016%-0.113%, and 0.089%-0.982%, respectively. The contents of TOC, TN, and BSi were higher in the dry season than in the wet season, whereas TP exhibited no significant seasonal difference. Overall, the contents of biogenic elements showed a decreasing trend from the estuary to the outer bay. The TOC/TN ratio indicated that organic matter was derived from mixed marine and terrestrial inputs in the wet season, while terrestrial inputs dominated in the dry season. The distribution of biogenic elements was significantly influenced by sediment grain size and moisture content (P<0.05), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) was significantly correlated with each of the biogenic elements in the dry season (P<0.01). Pollution assessment revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution was generally at a slight level, with more severe pollution observed in the estuarine areas of the Maoling River and Qinjiang River. Organic pollution levels ranged from clean to relatively clean. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for monitoring and risk management of the benthic ecological environment in the Maowei Sea during the construction of the Pinglu Canal Project.

Key words: surface sediments, biogenic elements, pollution assessment, spatiotemporal distribution, Maowei Sea

中图分类号:

王泽宇, 鲁栋梁, 周姣娣, 金竹灵, 陆金凤, 李晨阳. 茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 140-152.

WANG Zeyu, LU Dongliang, ZHOU Jiaodi, JIN Zhuling, LU Jinfeng, LI Chenyang. Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of biogenic elements in sediments of the Maowei Sea^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 140-152.

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等级	${{\omega }_{\text{TOC}}}$/%	${{\omega }_{\text{TN}}}$/%	${{\omega }_{\text{TP}}}$/%	污染程度
Ⅰ	< 1	< 0.055	< 0.06	安全级
Ⅱ	1 ~ 10	0.055 ~ 0.48	0.06 ~ 0.2	最低级
Ⅲ	> 10	> 0.48	> 0.2	严重级

等级	A	污染情况
Ⅰ	A < 1.0	清洁
Ⅱ	1.0≤A < 2.5	轻度污染
Ⅲ	2.5≤A < 3.0	中度污染
Ⅳ	A≥3.0	重度污染

等级	有机指数${{I}_{\text{O}}}$	污染情况
Ⅰ	${{I}_{\text{O}}}$ < 0.05	清洁
Ⅱ	0.05≤${{I}_{\text{O}}}$< 0.2	较清洁
Ⅲ	0.2 ≤${{I}_{\text{O}}}$< 0.5	尚清洁
Ⅳ	${{I}_{\text{O}}}$ ≥ 0.5	有机污染

采样时间		黏土/%	粉砂/%	砂/%	含水率/%	盐度/‰	pH	Chl-a/(μg·g^-1)	C/N
丰水期 (7月; n=14)	范围	4.19~41.25	9.45~77.83	0.00~85.49	16.84~53.97	2.24~24.18	7.15~9.25	1.36~9.09	6.49~34.39
丰水期 (7月; n=14)	均值±标准差	15.38±9.75^a	47.50±23.42^a	37.11±30.29^a	33.95±11.84^a	8.73±6.35^a	8.01±0.80^a	3.73±2.19^a	14.72±6.64^a
枯水期 (12月; n=15)	范围	2.19~50.06	5.50~77.86	0.17~92.31	18.68~76.63	12.24~30.21	7.40~8.60	0.10~11.55	9.71~38.06
枯水期 (12月; n=15)	均值±标准差	21.18±15.82^b	49.43±22.82^a	29.39±32.32^b	43.77±14.98^b	21.61±4.66^b	8.15±0.45^a	4.68±2.65^a	18.89±8.12^b

研究区域	TOC含量/%	TN含量/%	TP含量/%	BSi含量/%	采样时间	参考文献
茅尾海	0.554	0.053	0.064	0.402	2024.7	本研究
茅尾海	0.873	0.062	0.061	0.544	2024.12	本研究
茅尾海	0.535	0.045	0.034	-	2018.7	徐程等, 2021
珍珠湾	0.360	0.093	0.013	-	2021.8	苏琼源等, 2023
湛江湾	0.590	-	0.026	-	2017.8	周凤霞等, 2022
胶州湾	0.420	0.063	0.036	0.660	2021.5	王猛等, 2022
珠江口伶仃洋	0.620	0.060	-	-	2020.5	黎灿明等, 2025
青岛近岸海域	0.770	0.090	0.120	0.400	2017.11	雷明丹等, 2021
粤东近岸海域	0.520	0.079	0.049	-	2020—2021	林聪等, 2025

茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价^*

Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of biogenic elements in sediments of the Maowei Sea^*

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研究区域	污染等级
研究区域	TOC	TN	TP	A	${I}_{\text{O}}$	参考文献
茅尾海	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	本研究
珍珠港	-	Ⅰ—Ⅲ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ	苏琼源等, 2023
湛江港、北海港	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	-	-	梁采莹等, 2017
粤东海域	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ—Ⅲ	-	林聪等, 2025
象山港	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	-	王文婷等, 2019
杏林湾	-	Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅲ	-	Ⅱ—Ⅳ	陈建勇, 2025
桑沟湾	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ—Ⅲ	Ⅱ—Ⅲ	杨艳云, 2018
渤海海域	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ—Ⅱ	Ⅰ—Ⅳ	宋逸群等, 2022

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茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价*

Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of biogenic elements in sediments of the Maowei Sea*

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茅尾海沉积物生源要素分布特征及污染评价^*

Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of biogenic elements in sediments of the Maowei Sea^*