海南岛海草床生态系统受威胁状况评估

doi:10.11978/2025092

Abstract

Abstract:

Seagrass bed ecosystems have important ecological service functions, and analyzing their threat degree and influencing factors is helpful for proposing targeted conservation strategies for these ecosystems. Focusing on the seagrass bed ecosystem of Hainan Island, this study integrates survey data, historical records, and literature. The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Ecosystems assessment method was adopted to evaluate the threat status of these ecosystems, determine their degree of endangerment and explore the impacts of both human activities and natural factors. Corresponding conservation countermeasures are proposed. The results show that the seagrass bed ecosystems in Wenchang and Sanya are facing a Critically Endangered (CR) situation, while those in Lingshui are Endangered (EN). Ecosystems in Qionghai are assessed as Vulnerable (VU), while those in Chengmai and Danzhou are classified as Near Threatened (NT) and Least Concern (LC), respectively. The seagrass bed ecosystem across Hainan Island is under multiple pressures, with coastal reclamation and fishing activities being the dominant factors of degradation, followed by environmental pressures imposed by sewage discharge and aquaculture. Additionally, climate change factors, such as tropical cyclones, also exert a certain degree of influence. In view of this, this study proposes strengthening the regulation of fishing activities, advancing research on seagrass asexual reproduction, and establishing long-term monitoring of seagrass health and ecological connectivity to promote the sustainable development of the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan Island.

Key words: seagrass bed, Red List of Ecosystems, threat status, conservation and restoration, Hainan Island

CLC Number:

P763.3

REN Jing, JIANG Zhijian, CHEN Guoke, QI Wenqian, LONG Xu, LIU Songlin, WU Yunchao, HUANG Xiaoping. Assessment of the threat status of seagrass bed ecosystems in Hainan Island[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(2): 191-204.

Figures/Tables 10

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次级标准	时间框架	面积退化程度			受威胁等级
A2b	从过去到未来50年	≥80%		极危
		≥50%		濒危
		≥30%		易危
次级标准	时间框架		相对严重程度
C1	过去50年内	退化程度	≥80%		≥50%	≥30%
		≥80%	极危		濒危	易危
		≥50%	濒危		易危
		≥30%	易危
C2b	从过去到未来50年
		≥80%	极危		濒危	易危
		≥50%	濒危		易危
		≥30%	易危

标准	指标	崩溃阈值
标准A	面积	剩余0
标准C	无机氮	0.30mg∙L^-1
	热带气旋	6次
	水温	36℃

地区	2009年面积/km²	2016年面积/km²	生态系统50年变化幅度/%	面积增加/降低	数据来源	受威胁等级
文昌	31.5820	26.6493	>80	降低	吴钟解等(2021)	极危
琼海	15.9600	14.9397	>30	降低		易危
陵水	5.7400	5.2400	>50	降低		濒危
澄迈	0.4000	0.8900	>80	增加		无危
三亚	1.6400	0.5036	>80	降低		极危
儋州	1.0287(2016年)	4.8900(2019年)	>80	增加	黄小平等(2019); 郭晋宇等(2023)	无危

地区	退化程度/%	相对严重程度/%	数据	受威胁等级
文昌	>80	>80	海南省海洋与渔业科学院(2020a); 海南南海海岸工程与生态环境研究所(2020); 国家海洋局海口海洋环境监测中心站(2022); 海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	极危
琼海	>30	<30	海南省海洋与渔业科学院(2020b); 国家海洋局海口海洋环境监测中心站(2022); 海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	无危
陵水	>80	<30	Jiang等(2018); Cui等(2021); 海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	近危
澄迈	>80	<30	陈娴等(2020); 海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	近危
三亚	>80	>80	黄良民等(2007); 王慧祺等(2012); 姚旭莹等(2015); 海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	极危
儋州	>30	<30	海南省生态环境厅(hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn)	无危

Assessment of the threat status of seagrass bed ecosystems in Hainan Island

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