Journal of Tropical Oceanography ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 1-12.doi: 10.11978/2023200CSTR: 32234.14.2023200
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HUANG Liangmin1,2(), LIN Qiang1,2, TAN Yehui1,2, HUANG Xiaoping1,2, ZHOU Linbin1,2, HUANG Hui1,2
Received:
2023-12-26
Revised:
2024-02-07
Online:
2024-11-10
Published:
2024-12-05
Contact:
HUANG Liangmin
Supported by:
CLC Number:
HUANG Liangmin, LIN Qiang, TAN Yehui, HUANG Xiaoping, ZHOU Linbin, HUANG Hui. Thoughts on the restoration, reconstruction and protection of typical tropical marine ecosystems[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 1-12.
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Tab. 1
Characteristics, threats and restoration and reconstruction paths of typical tropical marine ecosystems"
特色生态 系统类型 | 主要特征 | 分布格局 | 影响因素 | 恢复重构路径 | 主要功能 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
珊瑚礁 | 珊瑚-共生藻体系, 礁栖生物, 小生境, 高效营养循环, 高生物多样性和生产力 | 热带亚热带, 环礁、堡礁、 台礁、沙洲、岸礁 | 人为干扰、热浪, 酸化、生物侵害、 污染物、废弃物等 | 自然恢复+生态修复(有性- 无性繁育, 移植试验, 增殖护养, 示范推广), 监测监控, 保护管理 | 海洋生物多样性 聚集, 岛礁海岸形 成及防护, 食物产出 |
红树林 | 耐盐植物, 真红树- 半红树, 净化水质 | 热带亚热带, 沿岸 滩涂、生态交错带 | 人为砍伐、围垦、 外来种入侵等 | 种苗繁育, 人工种植, 生境恢复, 生态修复, 监测监控, 保护管理 | 海岸防护, 生物多 样性维护, 碳存储 |
海草床 | 耐盐植物, 底栖 动物, 附生微藻 | 热带—温带, 沿岸滩涂、 潮间带及潮下带 | 暴风雨、围滩 养殖、拖网捕捞、 采挖海产品、污染物等 | 生境维护, 人工繁育, 播种, 栽培, 监测监控, 保护管理 | 固沙护岸, 净化水质, 生物多样性维护, 碳存储 |
Tab. 2
The distribution variations of mangrove area and true mangrove species in China"
分区 | 红树林面积/hm2 | 现存天然种类数 | 已出现灭绝迹象的物种 | 已灭绝的物种 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001年 | 2019年 | ||||
海南 | 3930 | 3666 | 24 | ||
广西 | 8375 | 7300 | 11 | 角果木Ceriops tagal | |
广东 | 9084 | 14000 | 11 | 角果木Ceriops tagal | |
香港 | 510 | 7 | 红海榄Rhizophora stylosa | ||
澳门 | 60 | 5 | |||
福建 | 615 | 1019 | 5 | 卤蕨Acrostichum aureum, 海漆Excoecaria agallocha | |
台湾 | 278 | 6 | 角果木Ceriops tagal | 木榄Bruguiera gymnoihiza | |
浙江 | 20 | 33 | |||
合计 | 22025* | 26018 | 24 |
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