西沙群岛灰沙岛岸滩变化特征与生态防护对策研究——以北岛为例

doi:10.11978/2024230

Abstract

Abstract:

Coral sandy islands, as a typical tropical marine landform, play a significant ecological role and hold great scientific research value. However, the intensification of global climate change and human activities poses a serious threat to their stability. This study focuses on North Island, a typical coral sandy island in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea, using multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing imagery from 2002 to 2023 and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to reveal its coastline dynamics and influencing factors. The study also proposes targeted protective measures. The results show that: 1) the coastline of North Island exhibits distinct stage characteristics. From 2002 to 2015, the coastline expanded slowly; from 2015 to 2019, due to dock construction at the southeastern end and island expansion, 57% of the coastline extended seaward through sediment deposition, with the coastline length and area sharply increasing, peaking in 2019. However, from 2019 to 2023, erosion intensified, with 47% of the coastline retreating and a total erosion area of 11846 m². The spit area, influenced by monsoons, exhibited seasonal erosion-deposition cycles (erosion during the northeast monsoon and deposition during the southwest monsoon), while the beach rock area decreased drastically due to erosion susceptibility, human activities, and natural factors, leaving only 3827 m² by 2023. 2) The evolution of coral sandy islands is fundamentally driven by the interaction between hydrodynamics and sediments, affected by both natural factors (e.g., coastal hydrodynamics, coral reef degradation, sea-level rise, extreme weather) and human disturbances. 3) This study proposes a hierarchical ecological protection system for coral sandy islands, with measures spanning from the supratidal to the subtidal zone, including vegetation-based sand fixation, mobile sand barriers, diamond-shaped sandbags, and beach rock restoration. These measures balance ecological conservation with island protection needs, providing practical and feasible recommendations for the protection and management of coral sandy islands in the South China Sea.

Key words: coral sandy island, remote sensing monitoring, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), ecological protection

CLC Number:

P737.13

LIN Ting, QU Jianjun, WU Zhifeng, LI Yupei. Study on the characteristics of shoreline changes and ecological protection strategies of coral sandy islands: A case study of North Island in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 154-165.

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成像时间	遥感卫星	分辨率/m		潮位/cm
成像时间	遥感卫星	全色	多光谱	潮位/cm
2002-07-31	QuickBird	0.5	2.0	126
2006-06-23	QuickBird	0.5	2.0	130
2010-02-07	WorldView-2	0.5	2.0	105
2015-12-14	GF-2	0.8	3.2	108
2019-08-11	Worldview-2	0.5	2.0	138
2022-10-08	Worldview-2	0.5	2.0	102
2023-03-09	Worldview-2	0.5	2.0	80
2023-10-30	ZY3-03	2.1	5.8	62

年份	最大侵蚀距离/m	平均侵蚀距离/m	最大侵蚀速率/(m·a^-1)	最大侵蚀速率/(m·a^-1)	侵蚀面积/m²
2002—2006	34.26	12.54	8.79	3.22	4115
2006—2010	54.62	13.18	15.08	3.63	8193
2010—2015	35.63	10.11	6.09	1.73	6114
2015—2019	46.57	14.84	12.73	4.06	6397
2019—2023	56.84	10.11	15.62	2.82	11846

年份	最大淤积距离/m	平均淤积距离/m	最大淤积速率/(m·a^-1)	最大淤积速率/(m·a^-1)	淤积面积/m²
2002—2006	33.00	8.13	8.47	2.08	7400
2006—2010	48.79	14.11	13.47	3.89	6070
2010—2015	43.14	8.99	7.38	1.53	10082
2015—2019	110.67	18.59	30.26	5.08	40049
2019—2023	16.80	6.55	4.70	1.83	3002

阶段	最大侵蚀距离/m	最大淤积距离/m	沙嘴侵蚀面积/m²	沙嘴淤积面积/m²
东北季风期	54.39	18.37	5528	3649
西南季风期	27.16	52.08	4630	6715
完整季风期	9.21	15.13	1216	1332

Study on the characteristics of shoreline changes and ecological protection strategies of coral sandy islands: A case study of North Island in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea

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