钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析

doi:10.11978/2025153

Abstract

Abstract:

Qinzhou Bay, which connects the Pinglu Canal and the Beibu Gulf, is a typical subtropical semi-enclosed bay, and the ecological environment of Qinzhou Bay is significantly affected by human activities. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and agricultural production and domestic chemical products, are also emerging contaminants that are harmful to the health of ecosystems. To study the spatiotemporal variation of PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay, surface seawater samples were collected from different areas of Qinzhou Bay (Maowei Sea and the outer bay) in September 2023, March, and June 2024. The pollution status of 36 PFAS [including 14 emerging perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and 22 legacy PFAS] was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its short-chain substitute perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the main PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay. The total concentration was highest in June and lowest in March. The dominant components of PFECAs were perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid (PFMOAA) and perfluoro-(3, 5-dioxahexanoic) acid (PFO2HxA). Due to the influence of the Qinjiang River input, the overall PFAS pollution in Maowei Sea was higher than that in the outer bay. In March, the concentration of PFAS was highest at the estuary of Qinjiang River (Pinglu Canal), and by June, concentrations across the entire Qinzhou Bay had increased compared to March. Through principal components analysis (PCA), potential sources of PFAS pollution in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay were identified—mainly from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as fluorine chemical industry, textiles, papermaking, food packaging, and coatings. Overall, the level of PFAS contamination in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay was relatively low compared to other bays in China. However, a notably elevated concentration of PFBA was observed, suggesting that local usage of PFBA-containing products warrants further attention.

Key words: Pinglu Canal, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), spatiotemporal variation, source analysis

CLC Number:

TIAN Mi, ZHANG Jian, LIAO Riquan, DONG Fengfeng, TANG Jianhui. Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, China[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 116-125.

Figures/Tables 7

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Tab. 1

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References 36

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类型	传统PFAS	中文名	内标
全氟烷基羧酸类(PFCAs)	PFBA	全氟丁酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PFPeA	全氟戊酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	PFHxA	全氟己酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFHpA	全氟庚酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PFOA	全氟辛酸	¹³C₈-PFOA
	PFNA	全氟壬酸	¹³C₉-PFNA
	PFDA	全氟癸酸	¹³C₆-PFDA
	PFUnDA	全氟十一酸	¹³C₇-PFUnDA
	PFDoDA	全氟十二酸	¹³C₂-PFDoDA
全氟烷基磺酸类(perfluoroalkyl sulfonate acids, PFSAs)	PFBS	全氟丁烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFBS
	PFPeS	全氟戊烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFHxS	全氟己烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFHpS	全氟庚烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFOS	全氟辛烷磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	4∶2FTSA	全氟丁基乙基磺酸钠	¹³C₂-4∶2 FTSA
	6∶2FTSA	全氟己基乙基磺酸	¹³C₂-6∶2 FTSA
	8∶2FTSA	1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-全氟癸磺酸	¹³C₂-8∶2 FTSA
全氟聚醚磺酸类 (PFESAs)	4∶2Cl-PFESA	4∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	6∶2H-PFESA	6∶2多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	6∶2Cl-PFESA	6∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	8∶2Cl-PFESA	8∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	H-PFMO2OSA	全氟二氧辛烷磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
全氟聚醚羧酸类(PFECAs)	HFPO-DA	六氟环氧丙烷二聚体羧酸	¹³C₃-HFPO-DA
	HFPO-TA(C7)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C7)	¹³C₃-HFPO-DA
	HFPO-TA(C8)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C8)	¹³C₈-PFOA
	HFPO-TA (C9)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C9)	¹³C₉-PFNA
	PFMOAA	全氟2-甲氧基乙酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PFO2HxA	全氟(3, 5-二氧六)酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	PFO3OA	全氟(3, 5, 7-三氧杂)辛酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFO4DA	全氟(3, 5, 7, 9-四氧十二烷)酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PFO5DoDA	全氟(3, 5, 7, 9, 11-五氧十二烷)酸	¹³C₈-PFOA
	PF4OPeA	全氟-4-氧戊酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PF5OHxA	全氟-4-甲氧基丁酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	3,6-OPFHpA	全氟-3,6-二噁庚酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFO2OA	全氟环氧丙烷二聚酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PMPA	全氟-3-甲氧基丙酸	¹³C₄-PFBA

PFAS	2023-09	2024-03	2024-06
PFAS	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)
PFBA(C4)	1.26±0.10	1.06±0.08	6.67±0.52
PFHxA(C6)	0.32±0.02	0.18±0.03	0.61±0.09
PFHpA(C7)	0.37±0.04	0.28±0.03	0.60±0.11
PFOA(C8)	1.61±0.18	0.65±0.04	1.54±0.27
PFNA(C9)	0.16±0.01	0.17±0.03	0.64±0.18
PFBS(C4)	0.31±0.02	0.37±0.04	1.18±0.17
PFHxS(C6)	0.05±0.004	0.02±0.01	0.18±0.13
PFHpS(C7)	0.19±0.09	0.01±0.003	0.13±0.09
PFOS(C8)	0.80±0.08	0.28±0.09	0.37±0.22
HFPO-TA(C7)	0.15±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.02±0.01
HFPO-TA(C8)	0.10±0.01	0.12±0.02	0.26±0.10
PFMOAA(C3)	0.76±0.51	0.12±0.01	0.25±0.10
PFO2HxA(C4)	0.26±0.02	0.10±0.01	0.15±0.03
PFO3OA(C5)	0.08±0.01	0.05±0.004	0.04±0.02
PMPA(C4)	0.21±0.01	0.18±0.03	0.74±0.03

PFAS	2023-09		2024-03		2024-06
PFAS	PC1载荷(78.0%)	PC2载荷(7.1%)	PC1载荷(80.0%)	PC2载荷(11.4%)	PC1载荷(87.3%)	PC2载荷(5.0%)
PFBA	8.53	-1.72	15.52	-1.05	17.52	1.06
PFPeA	-1.30	-0.34	-0.51	-0.25	-0.29	0.16
PFHxA	0.02	-0.34	-0.80	-0.03	-0.47	-0.72
PFHpA	0.14	-0.34	1.23	-0.19	-0.52	0.12
PFOA	11.05	1.74	8.69	-1.26	2.96	-4.06
PFNA	-1.40	-0.57	-0.78	-0.39	-0.52	0.78
PFUnDA	-2.57	-0.40	-3.20	-0.16	-	-
PFDoDA	-2.80	-0.38	-3.57	-0.15	-	-
PFBS	-0.10	-0.30	2.85	-0.40	1.23	0.17
PFHxS	-2.43	-0.43	-3.32	-0.22	-2.31	0.79
PFHpS	-1.46	1.55	-3.41	-0.15	-2.24	0.12
PFOS	4.63	-1.42	-0.37	0.81	-1.83	0.63
4∶2 FTSA	-2.71	-0.38	-3.51	-0.14	-	-
6∶2 FTSA	-2.55	-0.39	2.73	7.30	-	-
HFPO-DA	-0.88	0.47	-2.75	-0.49	-2.60	0.34
HFPO-TA(C7)	-1.48	-0.20	-2.20	-0.28	-2.60	0.40
HFPO-TA(C8)	-1.99	-0.01	-1.05	-0.95	-1.55	-0.56
HFPO-TA(C9)	-0.79	0.95	-2.24	-0.56	-2.66	0.42
PFMOAA	-0.51	3.28	-1.26	-0.36	-2.05	0.46
PFO2HxA	-0.48	-0.34	-1.57	-0.52	-2.04	0.11
PMPA	-0.92	-0.42	-0.46	-0.56	-0.03	-0.23

Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, China

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