夏季大亚湾大型底栖动物群落结构*

doi:10.11978/2016040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2013年8月在大亚湾海域进行的海洋生态调查所采集的底栖动物样品及环境参数, 研究了夏季大亚湾海域底栖动物种类组成、数量分布、群落结构及其环境影响因子。结果表明, 调查共采集到大型底栖动物153种, 其中环节动物81种、软体动物37种、甲壳动物25种、棘皮动物6种、其他类动物4种; 环节动物种数占总种数的52.94%, 是构成大亚湾大型底栖动物的主要类群。优势种类为短吻铲荚螠和波纹巴菲蛤。底栖动物平均丰度和平均生物量分别为410ind·m^-2和84.83g·m^-2。等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)将大亚湾的底栖动物分为5个群落。相关性分析表明, 影响夏季大亚湾底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子为沉积物石油类。BIOENV分析表明, 底栖动物种类丰度与有机质和重金属的铅、铜和镉等环境因素密切相关。

关键词: 大亚湾, 底栖动物, 群落结构, 丰度, 生物量

Abstract:

The species composition, abundance, biomass and characteristics of macrobenthic fauna in Daya Bay were studied and the main factors that influence the distribution of benthic macrofauna were discussed, based on samples obtained from 32 stations in August 2013. A total of 153 macrobenthic species were identified, including 81 species of polychaete, 37 species of mollusk, 25 species of crustacean, 6 species of echinoderm and 4 species of others. Polychaetes represented the most dominant group and accounted for 52.94% of the total species. The macrobenthos was dominated by Listriolobus brevirostri and Paphia undulata. The average total density and average total biomass of the macrobenthos were 410 ind·m^-2 and 84.83 g·m^-2, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that the macrobenthic community could be divided into five groups with notable differences. Person correlation analysis was conducted between community characteristic indices and sediment factors, which showed that petroleum hydrocarbon in sediment in Daya Bay was main environmental factor affecting the benthic community structure in summer. BIOENV analysis showed that the benthic species abundance was closely related to organic matters and heavy metals such as lead, copper and cadmium.

Key words: Daya Bay, macrobenthos, community structure, abundance, biomass

袁涛萍, 李恒翔, 李路, 王卉, 杨长平. 夏季大亚湾大型底栖动物群落结构^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(1): 41-47.

Taoping YUAN, Hengxiang LI, Lu LI, Hui WANG, Changping YANG. Community structure of macrobenthos in summer in Daya Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(1): 41-47.

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优势种	出现率/%	平均密度/(ind·m^-2)	所占比例/%	优势度Y
短吻铲荚螠	56.3	22.38	27.27	0.15
波纹巴菲蛤	50.0	7.67	9.34	0.02

环境因子	丰度	生物量	种类数	香浓-威纳指数H′	均匀度J	丰富度指数D
黏土+粉砂	-0.017	0.133	0.032	0.026	-0.079	-0.015
中值粒径	-0.052	0.176	0.015	0.030	-0.008	0.015
有机质	-0.327	-0.241	-0.211	-0.185	0.042	-0.119
石油类	-0.168	-0.183	-0.420*	-0.408*	0.038	-0.351*
硫化物	-0.041	-0.092	0.176	-0.224	-0.171	-0.217
铜(Cu)	-0.108	-0.129	-0.347	-0.342	-0.049	-0.253
铅(Pb)	-0.252	-0.219	-0.242	0.220	0.045	-0.105
锌(Zn)	0.128	0.082	0.249	0.242	0.014	0.195
镉(Cd)	-0.020	-0.183	-0.170	-0.173	0.009	-0.103
铬(Cr)	-0.322	-0.177	-0.194	-0.158	0.322	0.158
汞(Hg)	-0.128	-0.080	0.055	0.114	0.106	0.159
砷(As)	-0.263	-0.312	-0.305	-0.233	0.268	0.101