基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究*

doi:10.11978/2025010

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 14-23.doi: 10.11978/2025010CSTR: 32234.14.2025010

基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究^*

熊鑫¹^,²(), 冯英辞²(), 杨仁辉³, 孙杰², 李健², 詹文欢²^,⁴, 吕开云¹

1.东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院, 江西南昌 330013
2.边缘海与大洋地质实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
3.中交华南勘察测绘科技有限公司, 广东广州 510220
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-01-15 修回日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-05-10 发布日期:2025-06-04
通讯作者: 冯英辞
作者简介:
熊鑫(2000—), 男, 湖北省孝感市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋测绘研究。email: xxin200012@126.com
*感谢匿名审稿专家提出的宝贵修改意见和建议。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3103800); 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2025A04J5494); 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2023A04J0191)

Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in the Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea based on acoustic backscatter data^*

XIONG Xin¹^,²(), FENG Yingci²(), YANG Renhui³, SUN Jie², LI Jian², ZHAN Wenhuan²^,⁴, LYU Kaiyun¹

1. School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
2. Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 511458, China
3. CCCC Southern China Surveying & Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510220, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-01-15 Revised:2025-02-12 Online:2025-05-10 Published:2025-06-04
Contact: FENG Yingci
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3103800); Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou(2025A04J5494); Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou(2023A04J0191)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究利用2021年8月采集的声学背散射数据和同步水文数据, 结合卫星遥感图像, 分析东沙群岛西侧110~180m水深海域内孤立波(internal solitary waves, ISWs)的传播和演化过程。声学图像和同步观测投弃式温深仪(expendable bathythermograph, XBT)温度剖面图的比较结果显示声学图像可对150m以上水体结构精细成像。声学数据探测到3组内孤立波(ISW1、ISW2、ISW3)。内孤立波最大振幅-20~30m, 半波宽-160~380m。ISW1-3内孤立波传播速度分别为1.0、1.2和1.5m·s^-1。内孤立波的波形特征和传播速度的观测参数更符合简化两层KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)模型的结果。ISW1具有复杂的波形特征, 而ISW3受到陆坡地形的影响具有不对称波形结构, 表明这两组内孤立波发生强烈的耗散。高分辨率声学和物理海洋联合同步观测, 可有效弥补单一手段的不足, 提高人们对南海北部内孤立波的复杂的传播过程的理解。

关键词: 内孤立波, 声学背散射数据, 南海北部, 演化过程

Abstract:

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) west of Dongsha islands in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were studied using acoustic backscatter data collected in August 2021. Satellite images and XBT profiles obtained simultaneously were integrated to analyze the propagation and evolution processes of ISWs at depths 110~180 m. A comparison between acoustic backscatter images and concurrent XBT profiles revealed that acoustic imaging captured fine-scale water structures with minimal discrepancies in the upper 150 m. The acoustic section captured three soliton trains (ISW1, ISW2, and ISW3) with distinct vertical and horizontal scales of -20~30 m and -160~380 m, respectively. Their propagation speeds were 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 m·s^-1, respectively. The observed characteristics of ISWs align more closely with predictions from theoretical two-layer Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) models. ISW1 displays complex waveform characteristics, while ISW3 exhibits an asymmetric waveform structure influenced by slope topography, suggesting strong dissipation in both cases. The combination of high-resolution acoustic and hydrographic techniques provides a comprehensive approach to overcoming the limitations of single-instrument measurements, enhancing our understanding of the complex propagation processes of ISWs in the northern SCS.

Key words: internal solitary waves, acoustic backscatter data, northern South China Sea, evolutionary processes

中图分类号:

P731.24

熊鑫, 冯英辞, 杨仁辉, 孙杰, 李健, 詹文欢, 吕开云. 基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(3): 14-23.

XIONG Xin, FENG Yingci, YANG Renhui, SUN Jie, LI Jian, ZHAN Wenhuan, LYU Kaiyun. Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in the Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea based on acoustic backscatter data^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(3): 14-23.

图/表 10

图 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图5

表1

图 6

图 7

表 2

图 8

参考文献 37

[1]	蔡树群, 牛建伟, 何映晖, 等, 2021. 基于海上风电场构建海洋水文同步实时现场观测系统的思考[J]. 热带海洋学报, 40(3): 96-102. doi: 10.11978/YG2020003
	CAI SHUQUN, NIU JIANWEI, HE YINGHUI, et al, 2021. A view on constructing synchronous real-time in situ observational system of marine hydrology based on offshore wind power field[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 40(3): 96-102 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	崔海吉, 李志鑫, 张猛, 等, 2021. 南海东沙岛北部第二模态内孤立波特性研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 51(11): 16-21.
	CUI HAIJI, LI ZHIXIN, ZHANG MENG, et al, 2021. Study on the characteristics of the second mode internal solitary wave in the north of Dongsha Island of the South China Sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 51(11): 16-21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	董崇志, 宋海斌, 郝天珧, 等, 2009. 南海东北部海洋内波的反射地震研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(8): 2050-2055.
	DONG CHONGZHI, SONG HAIBIN, HAO TIANYAO, et al, 2009. Studying of oceanic internal wave spectra in the Northeast South China Sea from seismic reflections[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(8): 2050-2055 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	邝芸艳, 王亚龙, 宋海斌, 等, 2021. 南海东北部内孤立波包的地震海洋学和遥感研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 64(2): 597-611. doi: 10.6038/cjg2021N0399
	KUANG YUNYAN, WANG YALONG, SONG HAIBIN, et al, 2021. Study of internal solitary wave packets in the northeastern South China Sea based on seismic oceanography and remote sensing[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 64(2): 597-611 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	宋海斌, 邝芸艳, 杨胜雄, 等, 2023. 东沙海域内孤立波浅化过程及含圈闭涡核内孤立波的反射地震初探[J]. 地球物理学报, 66(1): 344-356.
	SONG HAIBIN, KUANG YUNYAN, YANG SHENGXIONG, et al, 2023. Preliminary research on shoaling internal solitary waves with a trapped core in the Dongsha region, South China Sea by seismic reflection data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 66(1): 344-356 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	孙绍箐, 张锟, 宋海斌, 2019. 地中海直布罗陀海峡附近内孤立波的地球物理特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 62(7): 2622-2632. doi: 10.6038/cjg2019N0079
	SUN SHAOQING, ZHANG KUN, SONG HAIBIN, 2019. Geophysical characteristics of internal solitary waves near the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 62(7): 2622-2632 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	田壮才, 郭秀军, 余乐, 等, 2018. 内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 33(2): 166-178. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0166
	TIAN ZHUANGCAI, GUO XIUJUN, YU LE, et al, 2018. Review of the seabed sediment resuspension by internal solitary wave[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 33(2): 166-178 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0166
[8]	王振霄, 王彩霞, 2019. 基于遥感图像的南海北部内孤立波及相互作用研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 50(5): 958-970.
	WANG ZHENXIAO, WANG CAIXIA, 2019. Internal solitary wave and interaction in the northern South China Sea based on remote sensing images[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 50(5): 958-970 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	谢波涛, 黄必桂, 杨威, 等, 2023. 南海北部东沙岛以西陆坡区2021年秋季内波特征统计与分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 42(6): 29-41
	XIE BOTAO, HUANG BIGUI, YANG WEI, et al, 2023. Characteristic statistics and analysis of internal waves in the continental slope area west of the Dongsha Plateau on the northern South China Sea in the autumn of 2021[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 42(6): 29-41 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]	杨胜雄, 邱燕, 朱本铎, 2015. 南海地质地球物理图系[M]. 天津: 中国航海图书出版社.
	YANG SHENGXIONG, QIU YAN, ZHU BENDUO, 2015. Atlas of geology and geophysics of the South China Sea[M]. Tianjin: China Navigation Publications Press.
[11]	郑全安, 陈亮, 熊学军, 等, 2022. 南海内波研究前沿与热点[J]. 海洋科学进展, 40(4): 564-580.
	ZHENG QUANAN, CHEN LIANG, XIONG XUEJUN, et al, 2022. Research frontiers and highlights of internal waves in the South China Sea[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 40(4): 564-580 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	ALFORD M H, PEACOCK T, MACKINNON J A, et al, 2015. The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea[J]. Nature, 521(7550): 65-69.
[13]	BOSWELL K M, D’ELIA M, JOHNSTON M W, et al, 2020. Oceanographic structure and light levels drive patterns of sound scattering layers in a low-latitude oceanic system[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7: 51.
[14]	BUIJSMAN M C, KANARSKA Y, MCWILLIAMS J C, 2010. On the generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115(C2): C02012.
[15]	CAI SHUQUN, LONG XIAOMIN, GAN ZIJUN, 2002. A numerical study of the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves in the Luzon Strait[J]. Oceanologica Acta, 25(2): 51-60.
[16]	CAI SHUQUN, XIE JIESHUO, HE JIANLING, 2012. An overview of internal solitary waves in the South China Sea[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 33(5): 927-943.
[17]	CHANG M H, CHENG Y H, YANG Y J, et al, 2021. Direct measurements reveal instabilities and turbulence within large amplitude internal solitary waves beneath the ocean[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2: 15.
[18]	FARMER D, LI QIANG, PARK J, 2009. Internal wave observations in the South China Sea: the role of rotation and non‐linearity[J]. Atmosphere-Ocean, 47(4): 267-280.
[19]	FENG YINGCI, TANG QUNSHU, LI JIAN, et al, 2021. Internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northern South China Sea from acoustic backscatter data[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 734075.
[20]	GENG MINGHUI, SONG HAIBIN, GUAN YONGXIAN, et al, 2019. Analyzing amplitudes of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea by use of seismic oceanography data[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 146: 1-10.
[21]	GRIMSHAW R, PELINOVSKY E, TALIPOVA T, et al, 2004. Simulation of the transformation of internal solitary waves on oceanic shelves[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34(12): 2774-2791.
[22]	GUO C, CHEN X, 2014. A review of internal solitary wave dynamics in the northern South China Sea[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 121: 7-23.
[23]	HELFRICH K R, MELVILLE W K, 2006. Long nonlinear internal waves[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 38(1): 395-425.
[24]	LI D, CHEN X, LIU A, 2011. On the generation and evolution of internal solitary waves in the northwestern South China Sea[J]. Ocean Modelling, 40(2): 105-119.
[25]	LI XIAOFENG, JACKSON C R, PICHEL W G, 2013. Internal solitary wave refraction at Dongsha Atoll, South China Sea[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(12): 3128-3132.
[26]	LIEN R C, TANG T Y, CHANG M H, et al, 2005. Energy of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(5): L05615.
[27]	MA XIAOCHUAN, YAN JUN, HOU YIJUN, et al, 2016. Footprints of obliquely incident internal solitary waves and internal tides near the shelf break in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(12): 8706-8719.
[28]	OSTROVSKY L A, STEPANYANTS Y A, 1989. Do internal solitions exist in the ocean?[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 27(3): 293-310.
[29]	RAMP S R, TANG T Y, DUDA T F, et al, 2004. Internal solitons in the northeastern South China Sea. Part I: sources and deep water propagation[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 29(4): 1157-1181.
[30]	SONG HAIBIN, GONG YI, YANG SHENGXIONG, et al, 2021. Observations of internal structure changes in shoaling internal solitary waves based on seismic oceanography method[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 733959.
[31]	TANG QUNSHU, WANG CAIXIA, WANG DONGXIAO, et al, 2014. Seismic, satellite, and site observations of internal solitary waves in the NE South China Sea[J]. Scientific Reports, 4: 5374. doi: 10.1038/srep05374 pmid: 24948180
[32]	TANG QUNSHU, HOBBS R, WANG DONGXIAO, et al, 2015. Marine seismic observation of internal solitary wave packets in the northeast South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(12): 8487-8503.
[33]	TANG QUNSHU, XU MIN, ZHENG CHAN, et al, 2018. A locally generated high-mode nonlinear internal wave detected on the shelf of the northern South China Sea from marine seismic observations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(2): 1142-1155.
[34]	VLASENKO V, HUTTER K, 2002. Numerical experiments on the breaking of solitary internal wavesover a slope-shelf topography[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32(6): 1779-1793.
[35]	WANG JUAN, HUANG WEIGEN, YANG JINGSONG, et al, 2013. Study of the propagation direction of the internal waves in the South China Sea using satellite images[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(5): 42-50.
[36]	YUAN YELI, ZHENG QUANAN, DAI DEJUN, et al, 2006. Mechanism of internal waves in the Luzon Strait[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 111(C11): C11S17.
[37]	ZHAO ZHONGXIANG, KLEMAS V, ZHENG QUANAN, et al, 2004. Remote sensing evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(6): L06302.

内孤立波	经度	纬度	时间	水深/m	振幅/m
ISW1	115°30′06.7″E	21°18′55.3″N	10:16:37	114.3	20
ISW2	115°29'40.5″E	21°03'37.3″N	11:06:49	119.8	31
ISW3	115°33'01.6″E	20°56'45.6″N	12:43:04	179.0	19

ISW	观测振幅 /m	观测半波宽度 /m	校正后半波宽度 L/m	观测传播速度 /(m·s^-1)	理论计算模型	理论特征宽度Δ/m	解析比L/Δ (理论值1.76)	模型理论传播速度/(m·s^-1)
ISW2	31	155	168	1.2	双层KdV模型	94	1.79	1.0
					双层eKdV模型	80	2.10	0.8
					连续层结KdV模型	52	3.23	0.7
ISW3	19	307	380	1.5	双层KdV模型	209	1.82	1.1
					双层eKdV模型	126	3.01	1.0
					连续层结KdV模型	285	1.33	0.6

基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究^*

Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in the Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea based on acoustic backscatter data^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	张新文, 林冠英, 李锐祥, 杨威, 刘同木, 周保成, 银利强, 丁奕博. 基于天通通信的内孤立波监测系统设计与应用[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(5): 180-189.
[2]	柳原, 柯志新, 李开枝, 谭烨辉, 梁竣策, 周伟华. 人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.
[3]	江绿苗, 陈天然, 赵宽, 张婷, 许莉佳. 南海北部涠洲岛边缘珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀实验研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(3): 155-165.
[4]	许莉佳, 廖芝衡, 陈辉, 王永智, 黄柏强, 林巧云, 甘健锋, 杨静. 南海北部珊瑚群落结构特征及其对海洋热浪事件的响应[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(3): 58-71.
[5]	赵明辉, 袁野, 张佳政, 张翠梅, 高金尉, 王强, 孙珍, 程锦辉. 南海北部被动陆缘洋陆转换带张裂-破裂研究新进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(2): 173-183.
[6]	谢波涛, 黄必桂, 杨威, 李锐祥, 张燕, 刘同木, 李向一. 南海北部东沙岛以西陆坡区2021年秋季内波特征统计与分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(6): 29-41.
[7]	杨一凯, 曾丽丽. 挟带黑潮高盐水的中尺度涡在南海北部的时空特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(3): 75-85.
[8]	张金尚, 邹定辉, 马玉, 李锐祥, 刘愉强, 孟强, 刘同木, 史华明. 南海北部水团及中尺度现象对营养盐时空分布的影响^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(1): 168-181.
[9]	谢皆烁, 龚延昆, 牛建伟, 何映晖, 陈植武, 许洁馨, 蔡树群. 苏禄—苏拉威西海内孤立波动力参数时空变化特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(6): 132-142.
[10]	曾毅港, 经志友, 黄小龙, 郑瑞玺. 夏季南海北部粤东陆架锋面的动力特征分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(4): 136-145.
[11]	马梦真, 李芊, 吴正超, 陈寅超, 俞建成. 南海北部最小含氧带水下滑翔机观测结果初步分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(1): 131-142.
[12]	王仁政, 单正垛, 孟思雨, 宫响. 南海北部次表层叶绿素最大值年际变化特征分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(6): 63-75.
[13]	王剑, 陈楚群, 周伟华, 李祥付, 吴颉, 叶海彬, 唐世林. 利用遥感技术估算南海北部表层异养细菌丰度^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 53-62.
[14]	苏晓康, 赵明辉, 李子正, 袁野, 王星月, 程锦辉, 张佳政. 南海北部陆缘OBS2018-H2测线地壳结构初步结果^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 111-122.
[15]	汪灵, 王彬, 李健, 喻凯琦, 赵芳. 中建南盆地北部海底麻坑地貌特征及成因机制[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 72-84.

基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究*

Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in the Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea based on acoustic backscatter data*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究^*

Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in the Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea based on acoustic backscatter data^*