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热带海洋学报

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南沙珊瑚礁区浮游植物群落结构特征及环境因子的相关分析

陈绵润1, 2，李浩文 3，沈盎绿 3
  

  1. 1. 自然资源部南海发展研究院（自然资源部南海遥感应用中心），海南南沙珊瑚礁生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广东 广州510300;

    2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）, 广东 珠海 519082;

    3. 上海海洋大学，海洋科学与生态环境学院，上海 201306



  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23 修回日期:2025-11-28 接受日期:2025-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 沈盎绿
  • 基金资助:

    自然资源部南海局科技发展基金项目(230203); 国家自然科学基金项目(42376129); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室2021年度自主项目(SML2021SP308)

Community structure characteristics of phytoplankton and Correlation Analysis with Environmental Factors in the Nansha Coral Reef Area

CHEN  Mianrun 1, 2, LI  Haowen 3, SHEN Anglyu 3    

  1. 1.South China Sea Development Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources(Remote Sensing Technology Application Center of South China Sea, MNR),Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station，Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong;

    2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong;

    3. College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China



  • Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2025-11-28 Accepted:2025-12-08
  • Supported by:

    Science and Technology Development Foundation of South China Sea Bureau, Ministry of Natural Resources ((230203); National Natural Science Foundation of China (42376129); Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (SML2021SP308)

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摘要： 为揭示南沙群岛珊瑚礁区浮游植物群落特征及其生态适应机制，于2024年4-6月在该区域7个岛礁（分别为MJ、RA、TX、XB、HT、WF和NE）的29个站位开展调查，分析了浮游植物物种组成、优势种分布、多样性特征及与环境因子的关系。结果显示，调查区共鉴定浮游植物5门51属106种，其中硅藻（38.68%）和甲藻（57.55%）为主要类群，铁氏束毛藻（Trichodesmium thiebautii）、羽纹藻属（Pinnularia spp.）、渐尖斯克里普藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）、多环旋沟藻（Cochlodinium polykrikoides）、舟形藻属（Pleurosigma spp.）、辐杆藻属（Bacteriastrum spp.）和针杆藻属（Synedra spp.）为主要的优势种。浮游植物群落单纯度（C）、多样性指数（H′）、均匀度（J′）和丰富度（d）指数平均值分别为0.35±0.19、2.43±0.79、0.59±0.20和2.00±0.56。环境因子中，温度（29.60~31.58℃）和盐度（33.50~34.24‰）变化小，硝酸盐未检出，其余营养盐浓度区域差异不显著（ANOVA, P>0.05）。相关性分析显示，仅盐度与甲藻和渐尖斯克里普藻丰度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。本研究为理解南沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统初级生产者的群落动态及其对环境变化的响应提供了重要的基础数据。

关键词: 浮游植物, 群落结构, 环境因子, 南沙群岛

Abstract: To reveal the characteristics of phytoplankton communities and their ecological adaptation mechanisms in the coral reef areas of the Nansha Islands, a survey was conducted at 29 stations across 7 reefs (MJ, RA, TX, XB, HT, WF, and NE) in the region from April to June 2024, analyzing the species composition, dominant species distribution, diversity characteristics of phytoplankton, and their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 106 phytoplankton species belonging to 51 genera and 5 phyla were identified in the survey area, among which Bacillariophyta (38.68%) and Pyrrhophyta (57.55%) were the main groups. The main dominant species included Trichodesmium thiebautii, Pinnularia spp., Scrippsiella trochoidea, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Pleurosigma spp., Bacteriastrum spp., and Synedra spp. The average values of the Simpson's dominance index (C), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), Pielou's evenness index (J′), and Margalef's richness index(d) of the phytoplankton community were 0.35±0.19, 2.43±0.79, 0.59±0.20, and 2.00±0.56 respectively. Among environmental factors, temperature (29.60~31.58℃) and salinity (33.50~34.24‰) showed small variations; nitrate was not detected; and there was no significant regional difference in the concentrations of other nutrients (ANOVA, P＞0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that only salinity showed a significant positive correlation with the abundances of Pyrrhophyta and Scrippsiella trochoidea (P<0.05). This study provides important basic data for understanding the community dynamics of primary producers in the coral reef ecosystem of the Nansha Islands and their responses to environmental changes.

Key words: Phytoplankton, Community structure, Environmental factors, Nansha Islands