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热带海洋学报

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南海岛礁海草-珊瑚的互作关系

刘松林1, 2, 3, 4, 黄小平1, 2, 3*, 江志坚1, 2, 3
  

  1. 1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广东 广州 510301;

    2. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南 三亚 572000;

    3. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院, 海南 三亚 572000;

    4. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 海南西沙海洋环境国家野外科学观测研究站, 海南 三沙 573199

  • 收稿日期:2026-04-15 修回日期:2026-06-10 接受日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 黄小平
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0802201);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2025FY101402);广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室运行经费(2023B1212060047); 海南省自然科学基金(426YXQN0958); 国家自然科学基金(U25A20795, L2424234)

Interactions between seagrass and corals in the South China Sea reef islands

LIU Songlin 1, 2, 3, 4, HUANG Xiaoping1, 2, 3*, JIANG Zhijian1, 2, 3    

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2.National Field Observation and Research Station (Hainan Sanya) for Marine Ecosystem, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;

    3. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China;

    4 Xisha Marine Environment National Observation and Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha 573199, China


  • Received:2026-04-15 Revised:2026-06-10 Accepted:2026-07-10
  • Supported by:

    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0802201), Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (2025FY101402), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2023B1212060047), the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (426YXQN0958), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U25A20795, L2424234)

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摘要： 南海岛礁生态系统以其高生物多样性和独特的生态服务功能，在维护国家主权与生态安全中发挥关键作用。本文探讨了南海岛礁海草床与珊瑚礁之间的互作关系及其生态功能。研究发现，在自然状态下，健康的海草床与珊瑚礁形成了显著的互利共存格局。海草床可捕获悬浮颗粒物、为邻近珊瑚礁鱼类提供产卵场和育幼场、提升海水pH值以及降低潜在致病菌水平，有效减轻了邻近珊瑚面临的环境压力，并促进了系统的生产力与生物多样性。同时，两者共同构成的复合生态系统在消减波浪能量、防止海岸侵蚀和维护岛礁地形稳定性方面具有不可替代的协同效应。因此，应将南海岛礁的保护与修复策略从单一目标管理转向“珊瑚-海草”协同保护的整体框架，通过保护与修复该复合生态系统，以提升岛礁系统应对全球气候变化的生态韧性。

关键词: 南海岛礁, 珊瑚礁, 海草床, 互利共生, 协同保护

Abstract: The ecosystems of South China Sea islands and reefs play a pivotal role in safeguarding national sovereignty and ecological security through their high biodiversity and unique ecological service functions. This paper explores the interaction and ecological functions between seagrass meadows and coral reefs in these regions. Research indicates that under natural conditions, healthy seagrass meadows and coral reefs form a significant pattern of mutualistic coexistence. Seagrass meadows trap suspended particulate matter, provide spawning and nursery grounds for adjacent coral reef fishes, elevate seawater pH, and reduce levels of potential pathogens; these functions effectively mitigate environmental stressors on neighboring corals and enhance ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Furthermore, the composite ecosystem formed by both provides irreplaceable synergistic effects in dissipating wave energy, preventing coastal erosion, and maintaining the geomorphological stability of islands and reefs. Consequently, it is recommended that the protection and restoration strategies for South China Sea islands and reefs shift from single-target management to a holistic framework of synergistic "coral-seagrass" protection. By protecting and recovering such composite ecosystems, the ecological resilience of the reef systems against global climate change can be significantly enhanced.

Key words: South China Sea islands and reefs, Coral reefs, Seagrass meadows, Mutualism, Synergistic protection