氮、磷限制对鞍形凯伦藻生长及光合性能的影响研究

doi:10.11978/2026121

热带海洋学报

氮、磷限制对鞍形凯伦藻生长及光合性能的影响研究

杜可欣¹, 刘珂萌¹, 甄毓^{1, 2, 3}, 王建艳⁴

1. 中国海洋大学, 环境科学与工程学院, 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100;
2. 青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;

3. 中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心, 山东青岛 266100;

4. 国家自然博物馆, 生命科学部, 北京 100050

收稿日期:2026-08-04 修回日期:2026-09-26 接受日期:2026-10-08
通讯作者: 王建艳
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金项目(8232026), 北京市财政项目，国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3105202), 海南省自然科学基金项目(425MS104)

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on growth and photosynthetic performance of Karenia selliformis

DU Kexin¹, LIU Kemeng¹, ZHEN Yu^{1, 2, 3}, WANG Jianyan⁴

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
2. Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China;

3. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;

4. Department of Life Sciences, National Museum of Natural Science, Beijing 100050, China

Received:2026-08-04 Revised:2026-09-26 Accepted:2026-10-08
Supported by:
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8232026); Beijing Municipal Financial Project; National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3105202); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (425MS104)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究我国近海新报道的有毒有害藻华物种——鞍形凯伦藻(Karenia selliformis)的藻华暴发机理，本研究以L1培养基为对照组，通过下调硝酸盐与磷酸盐浓度，设置中度氮限制组(LN)、极度氮限制组(LLN)、中度磷限制组(LP)和极度磷限制组(LLP)，测定细胞密度、比生长速率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及培养液中氮、磷营养盐浓度变化，研究该藻在不同氮、磷限制条件下的生理响应特征。结果表明，氮、磷限制均显著抑制鞍形凯伦藻的增殖，且抑制程度随营养盐限制程度增强而加剧，主要表现为最大细胞密度降低、对数生长期缩短和比生长速率下降。鞍形凯伦藻光合活性对氮、磷限制的时间响应不同，极度氮限制下叶绿素a含量、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)在胁迫初期即显著下降；磷限制初期藻细胞仍能维持一定的光合活性，但随着限制时间延长，极度磷限制下Fv/Fm和ETRmax逐渐下降。鞍形凯伦藻对氮、磷限制表现出明显的耦合特征，当一种营养元素受限时，培养体系对另一种非限制性营养盐的总体表观消耗也明显降低。本研究初步揭示了鞍形凯伦藻在氮、磷限制下的差异化生理响应，为理解近岸海域营养盐特征和结构变化对该藻藻华形成、维持与消退过程的影响提供了生理学依据，也可为该类有害藻华的监测预警提供理论参考。

关键词: 鞍形凯伦藻（Karenia selliformis）, 氮限制, 磷限制, 营养盐, 有害藻华

Abstract: To investigate the mechanisms underlying blooms of the toxic harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis, which has recently been reported in Chinese coastal waters, we examined its physiological responses to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation. Cultures grown in L1 medium served as the control, and four treatments were established by reducing nitrate or phosphate concentrations: moderate N limitation (LN), severe N limitation (LLN), moderate P limitation (LP), and severe P limitation (LLP). Cell density, specific growth rate, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and changes in N and P nutrient concentrations in the culture medium were measured. Both N and P limitation significantly suppressed K. selliformis proliferation, and the inhibitory effects increased with the degree of nutrient limitation, as indicated by reduced maximum cell densities, shortened exponential growth phases, and lower specific growth rates. N and P limitation had distinct temporal effects on photosynthetic performance. Under severe N limitation, chlorophyll a content, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) decreased significantly during the early phase of stress. In contrast, cells under P limitation maintained a certain level of photosynthetic activity during the early phase, whereas prolonged severe P limitation resulted in gradual decreases in Fv/Fm and ETRmax. K. selliformis also exhibited a pronounced coupling response to N and P limitation: when one nutrient was limiting, the overall apparent consumption of the other non-limiting nutrient in the culture system also decreased markedly. This study preliminarily reveals the distinct physiological responses of K. selliformis to N and P limitation, providing a physiological basis for understanding the effects of changes in nutrient availability and stoichiometry in coastal waters on the initiation, maintenance, and decline of K. selliformis blooms, as well as a theoretical reference for the monitoring and early warning of such harmful algal blooms.

Key words: Karenia selliformis, nitrogen limitation, phosphorus limitation, nutrients, harmful algal blooms

杜可欣刘珂萌甄毓王建艳. 氮、磷限制对鞍形凯伦藻生长及光合性能的影响研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 0, (): 1-.

DU Kexin LIU Kemeng ZHEN Yu WANG Jianyan. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on growth and photosynthetic performance of Karenia selliformis[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 0, (): 1-.

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