西沙群岛珊瑚礁2015—2023年间海岸地貌演化与其区域海洋环境特征的关联性研究

doi:10.11978/2024070

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 25-44.doi: 10.11978/2024070CSTR: 32234.14.2024070

西沙群岛珊瑚礁2015—2023年间海岸地貌演化与其区域海洋环境特征的关联性研究

赵中伟¹^,²(), 赵璇¹^,³, 陈天然¹^,³, 李伟¹^,²^,³()

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
2.三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院, 海南三亚 572100
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2024-04-18 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
通讯作者: 李伟
作者简介:
赵中伟(1992—), 男, 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人, 副研究员, 博士, 从事海岛海岸地貌研究。email: zhongwei.zhao@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42206216); 中国科学院广州分院院长青年人才基金(2023000352)

A study of the correlation between coastal morphological changes and oceanographic conditions of coral reef islands in the Xisha Islands from 2015 to 2023

ZHAO Zhongwei¹^,²(), ZHAO Xuan¹^,³, Chen Tianran¹^,³, LI Wei¹^,²^,³()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
2. Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2024-04-18 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
Contact: LI Wei
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42206216); Youth Talent Fund of the President of Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Branch(2023000352)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西沙群岛地处海南岛到南海诸岛的中心位置, 是构造和生物交互作用形成的典型地质地貌体, 但西沙群岛又地处南海典型气候脆弱区, 是我国遭受台风、风暴潮等极端海洋灾害影响最严重的区域之一。未来推进西沙群岛的岛礁资源高质量发展, 势必会扩大西沙珊瑚礁海岸的使用规模, 加上全球气候日益恶化多重威胁所加重的海洋环境灾害风险, 使得西沙群岛珊瑚礁海岸的海洋防灾减灾面临更加严峻的挑战。因此, 揭示珊瑚礁海岸对于海洋环境的地貌响应, 就成为了厘清珊瑚礁在未来海洋环境影响下的生存前景和经略海洋可持续性所迫切需要解决的关键问题。所以, 本文选取西沙群岛的18个珊瑚礁作为研究对象, 利用海洋卫星遥感数据获取了它们在2015和2023年的海岸地貌影像, 通过海洋地质和海岸地貌理论分析了珊瑚礁海岸地貌的演化特征, 利用物理海洋分析方法刻画了它们所处海域的海洋环境特征, 尝试利用海洋环境特征解释其海岸地貌演化空间差异性的原因。关联性分析结果表明这些珊瑚礁海岸地貌演化与其区域海洋环境特征之间强关联性较弱(R²仅在0.06~0.21区间)。因此本文建议未来在科学评判西沙珊瑚礁在全球海洋环境变化下的生存前景时, 需要在综合考虑海洋环境要素的基础上, 加强对珊瑚礁所处地貌演化阶段、原始地形地貌、沉积动力过程、生物种群类型等影响作用的考量。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 珊瑚礁, 岸线演化, 海洋遥感, 全球变化

Abstract:

The Xisha Islands are located on the central route from the Hainan Island to other oceanic islands in the South China Sea (SCS). They are typical geological and geomorphological complexes formed by the coupling interaction between tectonic and biological processes. However, their exposed area is also within a typical climate-vulnerable zone of SCS, being severely influenced by extreme marine hazards, e.g., typhoons and storm surges. Coral reef coastal areas are anticipated to be broadly developed in the future, following the strategy of high-quality development of reef island resources in the Xisha Islands. With increasing risks and threats from marine environmental disasters due to global climate change, the challenges of marine hazards prevention and mitigation in the Xisha Islands are further heightened. Hence, revealing the geomorphic response of coral reef coasts to marine environments becomes a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Therefore, this study employs 18 coral reefs in the Xisha Islands as their research subjects, using marine satellite remote sensing data to acquire their coastal geomorphology images in 2015 and 2023. Morphological changes of these coral reef coasts are characterized based upon marine geology and coastal geomorphology theories, while surrounding marine environmental conditions are examined using physical oceanographic analysis methods. This study attempts to link the spatial difference of coastal morphological change among reef islands to environmental conditions. Coupled analysis demonstrates only a weak correlation (R² ranging from 0.06 to 0.21) between the coastal morphological difference of these coral reefs and their regional marine environmental characteristics. Therefore, to scientifically assess the survival prospects of coral reefs in the Xisha Islands under the influence of global marine environmental changes, this work suggests the need to (1) comprehensively consider multiple marine environmental characteristics, and (2) strengthen the evaluation of their morphological evolution status, original geomorphology, sedimentary dynamics processes and the impact of marine biota of coral reefs.

Key words: Xisha Islands, coral reefs, coastline change, marine remote sensing, global change

中图分类号:

P737.1

赵中伟, 赵璇, 陈天然, 李伟. 西沙群岛珊瑚礁2015—2023年间海岸地貌演化与其区域海洋环境特征的关联性研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(4): 25-44.

ZHAO Zhongwei, ZHAO Xuan, Chen Tianran, LI Wei. A study of the correlation between coastal morphological changes and oceanographic conditions of coral reef islands in the Xisha Islands from 2015 to 2023[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 25-44.

图/表 11

图1

表1

本文所研究西沙群岛珊瑚礁的卫星遥感影像信息"

序号	珊瑚礁	卫星源	开始卫星影像时间	潮汐水位/cm	结束卫星影像时间	时间间隔/a	潮汐水位/cm	备注	地貌演化阶段	礁盘类型	相对位置	距离礁盘中心距离/km
1	西沙洲	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-11-10	8	150	低人类活动影响	过渡	环礁	环礁北部	14.64
2	赵述岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁北部	11.67
3	北岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东北部	9.70
4	中岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东北部	9.01
5	南岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东北部	8.65
6	北沙洲	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	沙洲	环礁	环礁东北部	8.27
7	中沙洲	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	沙洲	环礁	环礁东北部	8.02
8	南沙洲	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-12-15	8.07	162	低人类活动影响	过渡	环礁	环礁东北部	7.69
9	东岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-23	159	2023-12-30	8.11	157	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东北部	28.72
10	广金岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东南部	6.01
11	琛航岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东南部	6.50
12	晋卿岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	低人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁东南部	8.13
13	鸭公岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	低人类活动影响	过渡	环礁	环礁北部	7.40
14	全富岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-11-10	7.97	150	低人类活动影响	沙洲	环礁	环礁北部	8.20
15	珊瑚岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁西部	8.22
16	甘泉岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	低人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁西部	9.64
17	金银岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	169	2023-11-10	7.89	150	高人类活动影响	沙岛	环礁	环礁西南部	18.96
18	中建岛	哨兵-2号	2015-11-22	154	2023-11-10	7.97	150	高人类活动影响	过渡	台礁	台礁西南部	0.32

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序号		珊瑚礁	2015年(初始特征)						2023年(结束特征)
序号		珊瑚礁	岸线长度/m	陆域面积/m²	植被覆盖率/%	岸线圆度	岸线崎岖度	岸线纵横比	岸线长度/m	陆域面积/m²	植被覆盖率/%	岸线圆度	岸线崎岖度	岸线纵横比
1	西沙洲		2067	248449	5.70	0.73	1.04	2.13	1958	237631	79.18	0.78	1.03	2.15
2	赵述岛		2617	274184	54.80	0.50	1.05	2.38	3480	313006	80.77	0.33	1.07	2.09
3	北岛		3285	310352	76.92	0.36	1.06	5.45	3633	363736	73.83	0.34	1.06	5.98
4	中岛		1476	126008	76.41	0.73	1.02	2.50	1572	129608	74.98	0.66	1.03	2.55
5	南岛		1924	116708	61.61	0.40	1.04	5.18	1952	125018	65.52	0.41	1.04	4.80
6	北沙洲		573	14755	25.99	0.57	1.04	2.57	669	17359	26.38	0.49	1.05	2.67
7	中沙洲		1030	41555	21.74	0.50	1.06	2.05	1143	46962	22.16	0.45	1.05	2.16
8	南沙洲		1390	62475	57.35	0.41	1.07	1.22	1422	64514	55.62	0.40	1.05	1.27
9	东岛		7173	1812191	85.57	0.44	1.06	2.53	6709	1896497	85.94	0.53	1.04	2.57
10	广金岛		2888	180019	22.19	0.27	1.08	1.99	2452	163203	86.67	0.34	1.09	2.53
11	琛航岛		3510	580377	14.15	0.58	1.04	1.78	3459	574393	79.29	0.61	1.04	1.80
12	晋卿岛		2044	216709	83.57	0.65	1.04	2.44	2121	218584	82.59	0.61	1.04	2.35
13	鸭公岛		532	14650	40.60	0.66	1.05	2.32	559	13652	0.00	0.55	1.04	2.28
14	全富岛		951	28707	17.34	0.41	1.07	2.74	980	29516	15.34	0.38	1.06	3.39
15	珊瑚岛		2353	315783	82.21	0.72	1.08	1.84	2334	336188	82.23	0.78	1.06	1.86
16	甘泉岛		2131	336764	86.96	0.93	1.04	1.37	2129	333026	87.33	0.93	1.04	1.38
17	金银岛		3455	393054	75.28	0.41	1.07	2.48	3714	432059	73.42	0.39	1.08	2.43
18	中建岛		4850	1190419	8.99	0.64	1.07	1.97	4928	1151044	5.74	0.60	1.07	2.05

序号	珊瑚礁	岸线变化距离/m	岸线变化速率/(m·a^-1)	岸线长度变化/m	陆域面积变化/m²	植被覆盖率变化/%	圆度变化	崎岖度变化	纵横比变化
1	西沙洲	2.81	0.35	-109	-10818	73.48	0.05	-0.01	0.02
2	赵述岛	-6.25	-0.77	862	38821	25.97	-0.17	0.01	-0.29
3	北岛	-8.72	-1.08	348	53383	-3.09	-0.02	0.00	0.53
4	中岛	-1.52	-0.19	97	3600	-1.43	-0.07	0.02	0.05
5	南岛	-1.80	-0.22	29	8309	3.90	0.02	0.00	-0.38
6	北沙洲	-4.97	-0.62	96	2604	0.39	-0.08	0.01	0.10
7	中沙洲	-2.93	-0.36	113	5407	0.42	-0.04	-0.01	0.11
8	南沙洲	-2.65	-0.33	32	2039	-1.73	0.00	-0.02	0.05
9	东岛	-5.19	-0.64	-463	84306	0.37	0.09	-0.01	0.04
10	广金岛	3.50	0.44	-436	-16815	64.48	0.07	0.01	0.54
11	琛航岛	0.81	0.10	-52	-5984	65.14	0.03	0.00	0.02
12	晋卿岛	-0.13	-0.02	77	1875	-0.98	-0.04	0.00	-0.09
13	鸭公岛	0.75	0.10	27	-998	-40.60	-0.11	-0.01	-0.04
14	全富岛	-5.88	-0.74	28	809	-2.00	-0.03	0.00	0.64
15	珊瑚岛	-4.16	-0.53	-20	20405	0.02	0.06	-0.01	0.02
16	甘泉岛	0.56	0.07	-2	-3738	0.37	-0.01	0.00	0.01
17	金银岛	-8.14	-1.03	258	39005	-1.86	-0.02	0.02	-0.04
18	中建岛	3.09	0.39	78	-39375	-3.26	-0.04	0.00	0.08

序号	珊瑚礁	平均有效波高/m	潮汐范围/cm	海平面上升高度/mm	平均海水温度/°C	台风过境数量	月平均累计降水量/(cm·month^-1)
1	西沙洲	1.51	158.89	85.16	27.87	1	11.53
2	赵述岛	1.53	158.56	85.52	27.87	1	11.54
3	北岛	1.54	158.2	85.81	27.88	1	11.5
4	中岛	1.54	157.97	85.98	27.88	1	11.48
5	南岛	1.54	157.77	86.03	27.89	1	11.45
6	北沙洲	1.54	157.75	86.1	27.89	1	11.43
7	中沙洲	1.54	157.66	86.17	27.89	1	11.42
8	南沙洲	1.54	157.63	86.2	27.9	1	11.41
9	东岛	1.57	156.16	87.28	27.98	1	11.57
10	广金岛	1.43	162.45	85.66	27.98	2	11.18
11	琛航岛	1.44	162.36	85.8	27.98	2	11.19
12	晋卿岛	1.44	162.05	85.91	27.97	2	11.2
13	鸭公岛	1.43	162.22	84.76	27.97	1	11.23
14	全富岛	1.43	162.29	84.61	27.96	1	11.27
15	珊瑚岛	1.41	162.7	84.26	27.97	2	11.26
16	甘泉岛	1.4	162.83	84.24	27.98	2	11.24
17	金银岛	1.39	163.18	83.72	27.98	2	11.22
18	中建岛	1.42	162.91	80.9	28.13	2	10.96

西沙群岛珊瑚礁2015—2023年间海岸地貌演化与其区域海洋环境特征的关联性研究

A study of the correlation between coastal morphological changes and oceanographic conditions of coral reef islands in the Xisha Islands from 2015 to 2023

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