AMO对ENSO与初夏西太平洋海洋热浪年际关系的年代际调制作用*

doi:10.11978/2023150

Abstract

Abstract:

Marine heatwaves are extreme high temperature events that occur on the oceans and have devastating impact of marine environment and ecosystems. Using the fifth generation of European centre for medium-range weather forecasts atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5) and the Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) dataset during the period of 1960-2020, and data from the North Atlantic idealized experiments performed with the CESM1 model, this study investigated the variation of the interannual relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the following early summer marine heatwaves in the western Pacific, and the possible reasons for their decadal variation based on correlation, synthetic analysis and other statistical methods. The results are shown as follows. 1) The interdecadal relationship between the ENSO and the following early summer marine heatwaves months in the western Pacific displays a prominent decadal variation, which is modulated by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). A high correlation between the ENSO and the following early summer marine heatwaves in the western Pacific appears during the positive AMO phase, while no significant correlation is found during the negative AMO phase. 2) AMO mainly affects the response of atmospheric circulation in the Northwest Pacific by modulating ENSO amplitude, thereby affecting the relationship between the ENSO and the following early summer marine heatwaves in the western Pacific. During the negative (positive) AMO phases, the Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone/cyclone appears strong (weak), and its position shifts toward east (west) in the following early summer, due to the relatively strong (weak) ENSO events through strong (weak) wind-evaporation-SST positive feedback mechanism. Thus, the position and intensity of anomalous anticyclones/cyclones led to significant differences in the distribution of early summer marine heatwaves in the western Pacific between the positive and negative AMO phase.

Key words: early summer marine heatwaves, western Pacific, ENSO, AMO, Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone/cyclone

YUAN Yu, XU Haiming, MA Jing, ZHANG Tong. Impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and early summer marine heatwaves in the Western Pacific^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 1-16.

Figures/Tables 14

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

References 68

[1]	胡石建, 李诗翰, 2022. 海洋热浪研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 37(1): 51-64. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.121
	HU SHIJIAN, LI SHIHAN, 2022. Progress and prospect of marine heatwave study[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 37(1): 51-64. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.121
[2]	缪予晴, 徐海明, 刘佳伟, 2021. 西北太平洋夏季海洋热浪的变化特征及海气关系[J]. 热带海洋学报, 40(1): 31-43. doi: 10.11978/2020016
	MIAO YUQING, XU HAIMING, LIU JIAWEI, 2021. Variation of summer marine heatwaves in the Northwest Pacific and associated air-sea interaction[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 40(1): 31-43 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11978/2020016
[3]	唐颢苏, 胡开明, 黄刚, 2019. El Niño衰退年夏季西北太平洋异常反气旋季节内演变特征及其机制[J]. 气候与环境研究, 24(4): 525-536.
	TANG HAOSU, HU KAIMING, HUANG GANG, 2019. Characteristics and mechanisms of sub-seasonal evolution of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone during the El Niño decaying summer[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 24(4): 525-536 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	王爱梅, 王慧, 范文静, 等, 2021. 2019年中国近海海洋热浪特征研究[J]. 海洋学报, 43(6): 35-44.
	WANG AIMEI, WANG HUI, FAN WENJING, et al, 2021. Study on characteristics of marine heatwave in the China offshore in 2019[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 43(6): 35-44 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	AMAYA D J, JACOX M G, ALEXANDER M A, et al, 2023. Bottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America[J]. Nature Communications, 14(1): 1038. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36567-0 pmid: 36914643
[6]	BARNSTON A G, ROPELEWSKI C F, 1992. Prediction of ENSO episodes using canonical correlation analysis[J]. Journal of Climate, 5(11): 1316-1345.
[7]	BEHRENS E, FERNANDEZ D, SUTTON P, 2019. Meridional oceanic heat transport influences marine heatwaves in the Tasman Sea on interannual to decadal timescales[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 228.
[8]	CAVOLE L M, DEMKO A M, DINER R E, et al, 2016. Biological impacts of the 2013-2015 warm-water anomaly in the Northeast Pacific: Winners, losers, and the future[J]. Oceanography, 29(2): 273-285.
[9]	CHEN KE, GAWARKIEWICZ G G, LENTZ S J, et al, 2014. Diagnosing the warming of the Northeastern U.S. coastal ocean in 2012: A linkage between the atmospheric jet stream variability and ocean response[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(1): 218-227.
[10]	DI LORENZO E, MANTUA N, 2016. Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 North Pacific marine heatwave[J]. Nature Climate Change, 6(11): 1042-1047. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3082
[11]	DONG BUWEN, SUTTON R T, 2007. Enhancement of ENSO variability by a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled GCM[J]. Journal of Climate, 20(19): 4920-4939.
[12]	DONG BUWEN, SUTTON R T, SCAIFE A A, 2006. Multidecadal modulation of El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) variance by Atlantic Ocean Sea surface temperatures[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(8): L08705.
[13]	ENFIELD D B, MESTAS-NUÑEZ A M, TRIMBLE P J, 2001. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S.[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(10): 2077-2080.
[14]	FAN YI, FAN KE, ZHU XIUHUA, et al, 2019. El Niño-related summer precipitation anomalies in Southeast Asia modulated by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation[J]. Journal of Climate, 32(22): 7971-7987.
[15]	FENG MING, MCPHADEN M J, XIE SHANGPING, et al, 2013. La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011[J]. Scientific Reports, 3: 1277. doi: 10.1038/srep01277 pmid: 23429502
[16]	FRÖLICHER T L, FISCHER E M, GRUBER N, 2018. Marine heatwaves under global warming[J]. Nature, 560(7718): 360-364.
[17]	GARRABOU J, COMA R, BENSOUSSAN N, et al, 2009. Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: effects of the 2003 heat wave[J]. Global Change Biology, 15(5): 1090-1103.
[18]	GENG XIN, ZHANG WENJUN, STUECKER M F, et al, 2017. Decadal modulation of the ENSO-East Asian winter monsoon relationship by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation[J]. Climate Dynamics, 49(7-8): 2531-2544.
[19]	GILL A E, 1980. Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 106(449): 447-462.
[20]	HAN TONGXIN, XU KANG, WANG LIJUAN, et al, 2023. Extremely long-lived marine heatwave in South China Sea during summer 2020: Combined effects of the seasonal and intraseasonal variations[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 230: 104261.
[21]	HAYASHIDA H, MATEAR R J, STRUTTON P G, et al, 2020. Insights into projected changes in marine heatwaves from a high-resolution ocean circulation model[J]. Nature Communications, 11(1): 4352. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18241-x pmid: 32859903
[22]	HERSBACH H, BELL B, BERRISFORD P, et al, 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730): 1999-2049.
[23]	HOBDAY A J, ALEXANDER L V, PERKINS S E, et al, 2016. A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 141: 227-238.
[24]	HOLBROOK N J, SCANNELL H A, SEN GUPTA A, et al, 2019. A global assessment of marine heatwaves and their drivers[J]. Nature Communications, 10(1): 2624. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10206-z pmid: 31201309
[25]	HOLBROOK N J, SEN GUPTA A, OLIVER E C J, et al, 2020. Keeping pace with marine heatwaves[J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(9): 482-493.
[26]	HU KAIMING, HUANG GANG, QU XIA, et al, 2012. The impact of Indian Ocean variability on high temperature extremes across the southern Yangtze River Valley in late summer[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 29(1): 91-100.
[27]	JACOX M G, ALEXANDER M A, BOGRAD S J, et al, 2020. Thermal displacement by marine heatwaves[J]. Nature, 584(7819): 82-86.
[28]	KAY J E, WALL C, YETTELLA V, et al, 2016. Global climate impacts of fixing the Southern Ocean shortwave radiation Bias in the Community Earth System Model (CESM)[J]. Journal of Climate, 29(12): 4617-4636.
[29]	KING A D, KAROLY D J, HENLEY B J, 2017. Australian climate extremes at 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ of global warming[J]. Nature Climate Change, 7(6): 412-416.
[30]	LAUFKÖTTER C, ZSCHEISCHLER J, FRÖLICHER T L, 2020. High-impact marine heatwaves attributable to human-induced global warming[J]. Science, 369(6511): 1621-1625. doi: 10.1126/science.aba0690 pmid: 32973027
[31]	LIU KAI, XU KANG, ZHU CONGWEN, et al, 2022. Diversity of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea regulated by ENSO phase[J]. Journal of Climate, 35(2): 877-893.
[32]	LU RIYU, DONG BUWEN, 2005. Impact of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on the summer climate in the western North Pacific during 1997-1998[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110(D16): D16102.
[33]	LU RIYU, DONG BUWEN, DING HUI, 2006. Impact of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on the Asian summer monsoon[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(24): L24701.
[34]	LUO FEIFEI, LI SHUANGLIN, FUREVIK T, 2011. The connection between the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and the Indian summer monsoon in Bergen Climate Model version 2.0[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 116(D19): D19117.
[35]	MARBÀ N, DUARTE C M, 2010. Mediterranean warming triggers seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) shoot mortality[J]. Global Change Biology, 16(8): 2366-2375.
[36]	MATSUNO T, 1966. Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. Ⅱ, 44(1): 25-43.
[37]	MILLS K E, PERSHING A J, BROWN C J, et al, 2013. Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the Northwest Atlantic[J]. Oceanography, 26(2): 191-195.
[38]	OLIVER E C J, 2019. Mean warming not variability drives marine heatwave trends[J]. Climate Dynamics, 53(3-4): 1653-1659. doi: 10.1007/s00382-019-04707-2
[39]	OLIVER E C J, BENTHUYSEN J A, BINDOFF N L, et al, 2017. The unprecedented 2015/16 Tasman Sea marine heatwave[J]. Nature Communications, 8: 16101. doi: 10.1038/ncomms16101 pmid: 28706247
[40]	OLIVER E C J, DONAT M G, BURROWS M T, et al, 2018. Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century[J]. Nature Communications, 9(1): 1324. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03732-9 pmid: 29636482
[41]	PEARCE A F, FENG MING, 2013. The rise and fall of the “marine heat wave” off Western Australia during the summer of 2010/2011[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 111-112: 139-156.
[42]	RAYNER N A, PARKER D E, HORTON E B, et al, 2003. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late Nineteenth Century[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 108(D14): 4407.
[43]	REN XIANGLIN, LIU WEI, CAPOTONDI A, et al, 2023. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation modulated marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific during past decades[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1): 218.
[44]	RUPRICH-ROBERT Y, MSADEK R, CASTRUCCIO F, et al, 2017. Assessing the climate impacts of the observed Atlantic multidecadal variability using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 Global Coupled Models[J]. Journal of Climate, 30(8): 2785-2810.
[45]	SCANNELL H A, JOHNSON G C, THOMPSON L, et al, 2020. Subsurface evolution and persistence of marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(23): e2020GL090548.
[46]	SCANNELL H A, PERSHING A J, ALEXANDER M A, et al, 2016. Frequency of marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and north pacific since 1950[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(5): 2069-2076.
[47]	SCHAEFFER A, ROUGHAN M, 2017. Subsurface intensification of marine heatwaves off southeastern Australia: the role of stratification and local winds[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(10): 5025-5033.
[48]	SMALE D A, WERNBERG T, 2013. Extreme climatic event drives range contraction of a habitat-forming species[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1754): 20122829.
[49]	SMALE D A, WERNBERG T, OLIVER E C J, et al, 2019. Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services[J]. Nature Climate Change, 9(4): 306-312.
[50]	TAN HONGJIAN, CAI RONGSHUO, 2018. What caused the record-breaking warming in East China Seas during August 2016?[J]. Atmospheric Science Letters, 19(16): e853.
[51]	TRASCASA-CASTRO P, RUPRICH-ROBERT Y, CASTRUCCIO F, et al, 2021. Warm phase of AMV damps ENSO through weakened thermocline feedback[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(23): e2021GL096149.
[52]	TRENBERTH K E, 1997. The definition of El Niño[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(12): 2771-2778.
[53]	TRENBERTH K E, SHEA D J, 2006. Atlantic hurricanes and natural variability in 2005[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(12): L12704.
[54]	WANG BIN, LIU JIAN, YANG JING, et al, 2009. Distinct principal modes of early and late summer rainfall anomalies in East Asia[J]. Journal of Climate, 22(13): 3864-3875.
[55]	WANG BIN, WU RENGUANG, FU XIOUHUA, 2000. Pacific-East Asian teleconnection: how does ENSO affect East Asian climate?[J]. Journal of Climate, 13(9): 1517-1536.
[56]	WANG BIN, XIANG BAOQIANG, LEE J Y, 2013. Subtropical high predictability establishes a promising way for monsoon and tropical storm predictions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(8): 2718-2722. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1214626110 pmid: 23341624
[57]	WORLEY S J, WOODRUFF S D, REYNOLDS R W, et al, 2005. ICOADS release 2.1 data and products[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 25(7): 823-842.
[58]	XIE SHANGPING, HU KAIMING, HAFNER J, et al, 2009. Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-Western Pacific climate during the summer following El Niño[J]. Journal of Climate, 22(3): 730-747.
[59]	XU MENG, XU HAIMING, MA JING, et al, 2021. Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and East Asian early summer monsoon[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 41(4): 2860-2877.
[60]	YAO YULONG, WANG CHUNZAI, 2021. Variations in summer marine heatwaves in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(10): e2021JC017792.
[61]	YAO YULONG, WANG CHUNZAI, WANG CHAO, 2023. Record-breaking 2020 summer marine heatwaves in the western North Pacific[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅱ: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 209: 105288.
[62]	ZHANG RENHE, SUMI A, KIMOTO M, 1996. Impact of El Niño on the East Asian monsoon: a diagnostic study of the ’86/87 and ’91/92 events[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. Ⅱ, 74(1): 49-62.
[63]	ZHANG RENHE, SUMI A, KIMOTO M, 1999. A diagnostic study of the impact of El Niño on the precipitation in China[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 16(2): 229-241.
[64]	ZHANG RONG, DELWORTH T L, 2007. Impact of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on North Pacific climate variability[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(23): L23708.
[65]	ZHANG WENJUN, LI HAIYAN, STUECKER M F, et al, 2016. A new understanding of El Niño’s impact over East Asia: Dominance of the ENSO combination mode[J]. Journal of Climate, 29(12): 4347-4359.
[66]	ZHANG WENJUN, LI SIXU, JIN FEIFEI, et al, 2019. ENSO regime changes responsible for decadal phase relationship variations between ENSO sea surface temperature and warm water volume[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(13): 7546-7553.
[67]	ZHANG YING, DU YAN, FENG MING, et al, 2021. Long-lasting marine heatwaves instigated by ocean planetary waves in the tropical Indian Ocean during 2015-2016 and 2019-2020[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(21): e2021GL095350.
[68]	ZHAO CHIYU, GENG XIN, ZHANG WENJUN, et al, 2022. Atlantic multidecadal oscillation modulates ENSO atmospheric anomaly amplitude in the tropical Pacific[J]. Journal of Climate, 35(12): 3891-3903.

ENSO事件	年份
厄尔尼诺事件	1963/64, 1965/66, 1972/73, 1982/83, 1986/87, 1987/88, 1991/92, 1994/95, 1997/98, 2002/03, 2004/05, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2018/19
拉尼娜事件	1961/62, 1962/63, 1964/65, 1966/67, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1971/72, 1973/74, 1974/75, 1975/76, 1984/85, 1988/89, 1995/96, 1998/99, 1999/2000, 2000/01, 2007/08, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2017/18

	厄尔尼诺事件年份	拉尼娜事件年份
AMO+	1963/64, 1965/66, 1997/98, 2002/03, 2004/05, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2018/19	1961/62, 1962/63, 1964/65, 1998/99, 1999/2000, 2000/01, 2007/08, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2017/18
AMO-	1972/73, 1982/83, 1986/87, 1987/88, 1991/92, 1994/95	1966/67, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1971/72, 1973/74, 1974/75, 1975/76, 1984/85, 1988/89, 1995/96

Impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and early summer marine heatwaves in the Western Pacific^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 14

References 68

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	HAN Dingyan, LI Min, HU Rui, XIE Lingling. Variation and mechanisms of autumn tropical cyclones landed in Guangdong [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(1): 64-78.
[2]	QUAN Mengyuan, WANG Hui, LI Wenshan, WANG Aimei, LUO Jingxin. The interannual variation of summer upwelling in Zhoushan Islands and its relationship with ENSO [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(1): 48-55.
[3]	LI Chengyong, MENG Xiangfeng, XIE Ruihuang. Interdecadal modulation of ENSO asymmetry by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and its mechanism [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 36-46.
[4]	WEI Xue, QIN Xiaoming, CHEN Suhua, ZHANG Kaijia, LIN Haisheng, ZHENG Huina, GAO Jialong. Study on the effect of Oyster hydrolysates on improving Lactation function in Postpartum hypogalactism [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(2): 141-152.
[5]	ZHANG Yuhong, ZHANG Lianyi, DU Yan. Tropical ocean-atmosphere coupling modes and their relationship with ENSO during spring^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(2): 34-44.
[6]	ZHANG Qi, LIAN Tao. Low-frequency wind stress forcing reduces El Niño diversity in numerical model [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(1): 1-9.
[7]	YANG Shaoqiong, CHENG Dan, CHEN Guangyao, LUO Chenyi, NIU Wendong, MA Wei, FA Shuai. Review on the application of underwater gliders for observing typical ocean phenomena [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(3): 54-74.
[8]	Jun WANG,Yan QIU,Pin YAN,M DELESCLUSE,Yanlin WANG,M PUBELLIER,Xin NIE. A joint investigation using OBS, multi-channel seismic and gravity data across the southwestern sub-basin of the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(4): 81-90.
[9]	Wenhao CAO, Jin YAN, Meiping FENG, Shuaishuai HAN, Mingqing LIN. Effects of salinity on larval development of two common barnacles from the southeast coast of China [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(6): 85-91.
[10]	Wenxi CAO, Zhaohua SUN, Cai LI, Guowang ZOU. Biofouling protection for water quality monitoring buoy and sensors [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(5): 7-12.
[11]	Xiaoqiu YANG, Xiaobin SHI, Junfeng ZHAO, Chuanhai YU, Hongfang GAO, Aihua CHEN, Yuanzheng LU, Xianrong CEN, Weiren LIN, Xin ZENG, Hehua XU, Ziqiang REN, Shengqi ZHOU, Ziying XU, Jinlong SUN, Nana KAMIYA, Jian LIN. Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea, eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(5): 86-97.
[12]	Huawei QIN, Zhuo TAO, Huaiming LI, Xihe YUE, Zhen CAI, Sheng CHEN, Hongwei ZHOU, Ying YE. Development and application of chemical sensor for hydrothermal vents detection [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 86-92.
[13]	Jiguang LI, Dongkai WANG. Research on ghost suppression and notch compensation of dual-sensor ocean bottom cable data [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(2): 100-104.
[14]	Lianghong LÜ, Xiaotong ZHENG. The effect of Indian Ocean Basin mode on Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall in decaying year of El Niño [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(2): 1-11.
[15]	YANG Yali, DU Yan. Decadal variability of oceanic advection in the South China Sea associated with ENSO and Indian-Ocean Basin and its impacts on SST [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2016, 35(1): 72-81.

Impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and early summer marine heatwaves in the Western Pacific*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 14

References 68

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

Impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and early summer marine heatwaves in the Western Pacific^*