近30年来涠洲岛海域海水磷含量变化及其影响因素—来自高分辨率珊瑚记录的证据

doi:10.11978/2024132

Abstract

Abstract:

The change in phosphorus (P) content in surface seawater is an important parameter to evaluate the nutrient content of marine ecosystem, and plays a significant role in regulating the evolution of the Earth’s environment. Weizhou Island is the largest and youngest volcanic island in China. The change in surface phosphorus content in seawater over a long time scale is not well documented, and the influencing factors remain unclear. Coral skeleton P/Ca is a reliable index for retrieving seawater phosphorus content and is widely used to reconstruct the high-resolution history of seawater P content. In this study, continuously growing corals from northwest Weizhou Island were taken as the research object, and an age framework was established from 1985 to 2015 based on coral oxygen isotopes to reconstruct the P/Ca change history of surface seawater in monthly resolution from 1985 to 2014. The results showed that the coral P/Ca value varied greatly in different years and seasons, with low P/Ca values observed from 1998 to 2003, generally lower than the annual average. The change in coral P/Ca ratio was highly correlated with the change in monsoon intensity (P<0.05), and the coral P/Ca value increased significantly during the monsoon and typhoon periods, indicating that the sea ~surface wind was the main factor controlling the change in seawater P content in this region. Additionally, volcanic eruptions, oil spills, and tourism can also cause a temporary increase in P content, but the effects are limited. However, there was no significant correlation between the inter-annual variations of rainfall and changes between wet and dry seasons and the P/Ca values, indicating that terrigenous materials had limited influence on the change in P content in seawater.

Key words: Weizhou Island, phosphorus, coral reefs, geochemistry

CLC Number:

X145

CHEN Yuyue, JIANG Wei, YANG Haodan, YU Kefu. Changes and controlling factors of seawater phosphorus in Weizhou Island over the past 30 years: Insights from high-resolution coral records[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(3): 206-216.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

References 65

[1]	陈圆, 青尚敏, 2013. 广西北部湾海洋油污染影响与应急管理浅析[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 30(3): 104-108 (in Chinese).
[2]	郭芳, 2015. 广西涠洲岛是如何成为“违建岛”的[J]. 中国经济周刊, (43): 34-37 (in Chinese).
[3]	何本茂, 黎广钊, 韦蔓新, 等, 2013. 涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域氮磷比值季节变化与浮游生物结构的关系[J]. 热带海洋学报, 32(4): 64-72. doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2013.04.010
	HE BENMAO, LI GUANGZHAO, WEI MANXIN, et al, 2013. Relationship between the seasonality of seawater N: P ratio and the structure of plankton on the reefs of Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 32(4): 64-72 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	况雪源, 苏志, 涂方旭, 2007. 广西气候区划[J]. 广西科学, 14(3): 278-283.
	KUANG XUEYUAN, SU ZHI, TU FANGXU, 2007. Climate regionalization of Guangxi[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 14(3): 278-283 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	李嘉琪, 白爱娟, 蔡亲波, 2018. 西沙群岛和涠洲岛气候变化特征及其与近岸陆地的对比[J]. 热带地理, 38(1): 72-81. doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003003
	LI JIAQI, BAI AIJUAN, CAI QINBO, 2018. Climate change characteristics of the Xisha Islands and Weizhou Island in China and the comparison with the coastal land[J]. Tropical Geography, 38(1): 72-81 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	李君光,2009-06-08(001). 环境状况有喜有忧[N]. 北海日报 (in Chinese).
[7]	李敏, 2009. 南海海洋叶绿素α时空分布及对季风变动响应的研究[D]. 北京: 中国气象科学研究院.
	LI MIN, 2009. A study on the spatial and temporal Chl-α distribution in the South China Sea and a response to the South China Sea monsoon[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	刘慧杰, 张虎山, 2012. 海洋石油污染及治理措施[J]. 广州环境科学, 27(4): 35-38.
	LIU HUIJIE, ZHANG HUSHAN, 2012. Marine petroleum pollution and treatment measures[J]. Guangzhou Environmental Science, 27(4): 35-38 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	刘江宜, 窦世权, 牟德刚, 2020. 海岛资源环境承载能力评价研究——以广西涠洲岛为例[J]. 中国渔业经济, 38(6): 109-120.
	LIU JIANGYI, DOU SHIQUAN, MOU DEGANG, 2020. Study on evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity of islands: a case of Weizhou Island in Guangxi[J]. Chinese Fisheries Economics, 38(6): 109-120 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]	刘敬合, 黎广钊, 农华琼, 1991. 涠洲岛地貌与第四纪地质特征[J]. 广西科学院学报, 7(1): 27-36.
	LIU JINGHE, LI GUANGZHAO, NONG HUAQIONG, 1991. Features of geomorphy and quaternary geology of the Weizhou Island[J]. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 7(1): 27-36 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	龙雅婷, 余克服, 王瑞, 等, 2022. 涠洲岛珊瑚礁的发育过程及其与气候的对应关系[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 42(1): 184-193.
	LONG YATING, YU KEFU, WANG RUI, et al, 2022. Development of coral reefs around Weizhou Island and its bearing on climate[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 42(1): 184-193 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	王文欢, 余克服, 王英辉, 2016. 北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁的研究历史、现状与特色[J]. 热带地理, 36(1): 72-79. doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002806
	WANG WENHUAN, YU KEFU, WANG YINGHUI, 2016. A review on the research of coral reefs in the Weizhou Island, beibu gulf[J]. Tropical Geography, 36(1): 72-79 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.002806
[13]	魏浩天, 刘刚, 韩孝辉, 等, 2020. 珊瑚礁对热液流体的地球化学记录——来自南海西沙永兴岛珊瑚礁稀土元素的证据[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 40(4): 78-95.
	WEI HAOTIAN, LIU GANG, HAN XIAOHUI, et al, 2020. Geochemical records of hydrothermal fluids in corals: Evidence of rare earth elements from coral reefs in the Yongxing Island, Xisha, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 40(4): 78-95 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]	韦蔓新, 黎广钊, 何本茂, 等, 2013. 涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态区各种形态磷含量的季节变化及其影响因素[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 32(2): 258-265.
	WEI MANXIN, LI GUANGZHAO, HE BENMAO, et al, 2013. Seasonal variation of different forms of phosphorus and the influential factors in coral reef ecoregion of Weizhou Island[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 32(2): 258-265 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]	吴敏兰, 2014. 北部湾北部海域营养盐的分布特征及其对生态系统的影响研究[D]. 厦门: 厦门大学.
	WU MINLAN, 2014. The distribution feature of nutrients and the study of their influence on ecosystem in the northern Beibu Gulf[D]. Xiamen: Xiamen University (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	周强, 姜允斌, 郝记华, 等, 2021. 磷的生物地球化学循环研究进展[J]. 高校地质学报, 27(2): 183-199.
	ZHOU QIANG, JIANG YUNBIN, HAO JIHUA, et al, 2021. Advances in the study of biogeochemical cycles of phosphorus[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 27(2): 183-199 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2020002
[17]	ALIBERT C, KINSLEY L, FALLON S J, et al, 2003. Source of trace element variability in great barrier reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(2): 231-246.
[18]	BARNES D J, LOUGH J M, 1993. On the nature and causes of density banding in massive coral skeletons[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 167(1): 91-108.
[19]	BENITEZ-NELSON C R, BUESSELER K O, 1999. Variability of inorganic and organic phosphorus turnover rates in the coastal ocean[J]. Nature, 398(6727): 502-505.
[20]	BENITEZ-NELSON C R, 2000. The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 51(1-4): 109-135.
[21]	BOEHM A B, PAYTAN A, SHELLENBARGER G G, et al, 2006. Composition and flux of groundwater from a California beach aquifer: Implications for nutrient supply to the surf zone[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 26(2): 269-282.
[22]	BURNETT W C, BOKUNIEWICZ H, HUETTEL M, et al, 2003. Groundwater and pore water inputs to the coastal zone[J]. Biogeochemistry, 66(1-2): 3-33.
[23]	CHEN MENGLI, MARTIN P, GOODKIN N F, et al, 2019. An assessment of P speciation and P:Ca proxy calibration in coral cores from Singapore and Bali[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 267: 113-123.
[24]	CHEN TIANRAN, YU KEFU, SHI QI, et al, 2009. Twenty-five years of change in scleractinian coral communities of Daya Bay (northern South China Sea) and its response to the 2008 AD extreme cold climate event[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 54( 12): 2107-2117.
[25]	CHEN TIANRAN, YU KEFU, 2011. P/Ca in coral skeleton as a geochemical proxy for seawater phosphorus variation in Daya Bay, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(10): 2114-2121. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.014 pmid: 21820683
[26]	CLOERN J E, 2001. Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 210: 223-253.
[27]	DELANEY M L, 1998. Phosphorus accumulation in marine sediments and the oceanic phosphorus cycle[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12(4): 563-572.
[28]	DENG SHULIN, LI MANCHUN, SUN HAN, et al, 2017. Exploring temporal and spatial variability of precipitation of Weizhou Island, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 9: 183-198.
[29]	DENG WENFENG, WEI GANGJIAN, LI XIANHUA, et al, 2009. Paleoprecipitation record from coral Sr/Ca and δ18O during the mid Holocene in the northern South China Sea[J]. The Holocene, 19(6): 811-821.
[30]	DODGE R E, GILBERT T R, 1984a. Chronology of lead pollution contained in banded coral skeletons[J]. Marine Biology, 82(1): 9-13.
[31]	DODGE R E, JICKELLS T D, KNAP A H, et al, 1984b. Reef-building coral skeletons as chemical pollution (phosphorus) indicators[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 15(5): 178-187.
[32]	FABRICIUS K E, 2005. Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(2): 125-146. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.028 pmid: 15737355
[33]	GAI CONGCONG, LIU QINGSONG, ROBERTS A P, et al, 2020. East Asian monsoon evolution since the late Miocene from the South China Sea[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 530: 115960.
[34]	GAO XIAOFEI, CHEN HUIHUANG, GU BINHE, et al, 2021. Particulate organic matter as causative factor to eutrophication of subtropical deep freshwater: role of typhoon (tropical cyclone) in the nutrient cycling[J]. Water Research, 188: 116470.
[35]	GLIBERT P M, HARRISON J, HEIL C, et al, 2006. Escalating worldwide use of urea: a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication[J]. Biogeochemistry, 77(3): 441-463.
[36]	HALPERN B S, WALBRIDGE S, SELKOE K A, et al, 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems[J]. Science, 319(5865): 948-952. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345 pmid: 18276889
[37]	HAYASHIDA S, SASANO Y, 1993. Stratospheric aerosol change in the early stage of volcanic disturbance by the Pinatubo eruption observed over Tsukuba, Japan[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 20(7): 575-578.
[38]	HOPPE H G, 2003. Phosphatase activity in the sea[J]. Hydrobiologia, 493(1-3): 187-200.
[39]	KNUTSON D W, BUDDEMEIER R W, SMITH S V, 1972. Coral chronometers: seasonal growth bands in reef corals[J]. Science, 177(4045): 270-272. pmid: 17815626
[40]	KOLOWITH L C, INGALL E D, BENNER R, 2001. Composition and cycling of marine organic phosphorus[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(2): 309-320.
[41]	LAO QIBIN, LU XUAN, CHEN FAJIN, et al, 2023. A comparative study on source of water masses and nutrient supply in Zhanjiang Bay during the normal summer, rainstorm, and typhoon periods: insights from dual water isotopes[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 903: 166853.
[42]	LAVIGNE M, FIELD M P, ANAGNOSTOU E, et al, 2008. Skeletal P/Ca tracks upwelling in Gulf of Panama coral: evidence for a new seawater phosphate proxy[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(5): L05604.
[43]	LAVIGNE M, MATTHEWS K A, GROTTOLI A G, et al, 2010. Coral skeleton P/Ca proxy for seawater phosphate: multi-colony calibration with a contemporaneous seawater phosphate record[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(4): 1282-1293.
[44]	LI FUCHENG, SUN ZHEN, YANG HONGFENG, 2018. Possible spatial distribution of the Mesozoic volcanic arc in the present‐day South China Sea continental margin and its tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(8): 6215-6235.
[45]	LOUGH J M, 2004. A strategy to improve the contribution of coral data to high-resolution paleoclimatology[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 204(1-2): 115-143.
[46]	LU HELI, ZHANG CHUANRONG, LIU GUIFANG, et al, 2018. Mapping China’s ghost cities through the combination of nighttime satellite data and daytime satellite data[J]. Remote Sensing, 10(7): 1037.
[47]	MALLELA J, LEWIS S E, CROKE B, 2013. Coral skeletons provide historical evidence of phosphorus runoff on the Great Barrier Reef[J]. PLoS One, 8(9): e75663.
[48]	MCCOOK L J, 1999. Macroalgae, nutrients and phase shifts on coral reefs: scientific issues and management consequences for the Great Barrier Reef[J]. Coral Reefs, 18(4): 357-367.
[49]	MEDINA-BELLVER J I, MARÍN P, DELGADO A, et al, 2005. Evidence for in situ crude oil biodegradation after the Prestige oil spill[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 7(6): 773-779.
[50]	MONTAGNA P, MCCULLOCH M, TAVIANI M, et al, 2006. Phosphorus in cold-water corals as a proxy for seawater nutrient chemistry[J]. Science, 312(5781): 1788-1791. pmid: 16794077
[51]	MOORE J K, ABBOTT M R, RICHMAN J G, et al, 2000. The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum: a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(1): 455-475.
[52]	MOORE W S, 2010. The effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the ocean[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2: 59-88. pmid: 21141658
[53]	PAYTAN A, SHELLENBARGER G G, STREET J H, et al, 2006. Submarine groundwater discharge: an important source of new inorganic nitrogen to coral reef ecosystems[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 51(1): 343-348.
[54]	PAYTAN A, MCLAUGHLIN K, 2007. The oceanic phosphorus cycle[J]. Chemical Reviews, 107(2): 563-576. pmid: 17256993
[55]	PROUTY N G, FIELD M E, STOCK J D, et al, 2010. Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka’i, Hawai’i over the last several decades[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(10): 1822-1835.
[56]	SANTOS I R, NIENCHESKI F, BURNETT W, et al, 2008. Tracing anthropogenically driven groundwater discharge into a coastal lagoon from southern Brazil[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 353(3-4): 275-293.
[57]	SHILLER A M, BOYLE E A, 1987. Dissolved vanadium in rivers and estuaries[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86(2-4): 214-224.
[58]	SLOMP C P, VAN CAPPELLEN P, 2004. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean through submarine groundwater discharge: controls and potential impact[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 295(1-4): 64-86.
[59]	TAYLOR R B, BARNES D J, LOUGH J M, 1995. On the inclusion of trace materials into massive coral skeletons. 1. Materials occurring in the environment in short pulses[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 185(2): 255-278.
[60]	WALKER N D, LEBEN R R, BALASUBRAMANIAN S, 2005. Hurricane‐forced upwelling and chlorophyll a enhancement within cold‐core cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(18): L18610.
[61]	WANG BAODONG, XIN MING, WEI QINSHENG, et al, 2018. A historical overview of coastal eutrophication in the China Seas[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 136: 394-400. doi: S0025-326X(18)30691-X pmid: 30509822
[62]	XU SHENDONG, YU KEFU, WANG YINGHUI, et al, 2018. Oil spill recorded by skeletal δ¹³C of Porites corals in Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 207: 338-344.
[63]	YU KEFU, CHEN TEGU, HUANG DINGCHENG, et al, 2001. The high-resolution climate recorded in the δ¹⁸O of Porites lutea from the Nansha Islands of China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(24): 2097-2102.
[64]	YU KEFU, ZHAO JIANXIN, WEI GANGJIAN, et al, 2005. Mid-late Holocene monsoon climate retrieved from seasonal Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O records of Porites lutea corals at Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of South China Sea[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 47(2-4): 301-316.
[65]	YU KEFU, 2012. Coral reefs in the South China Sea: their response to and records on past environmental changes[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 55(8): 1217-1229.

海域	物种	P/Ca值/(μmol·mol^-1)	数据来源
涠洲岛	Porites	93.37~283.58	本研究
地中海COBAS97a	Desmophyllum dianthus	125.8~139.4	Montagna et al, 2006
西太平洋G16505	Desmophyllum dianthus	714.1~731.2	Montagna et al, 2006
大亚湾	Porites sp.	38.6~190.8	Chen et al, 2011
巴拿马湾	Pavona gigantea	4.1~10.3	Chen et al, 2019
列斯库拉索岛	Montastrea	11.4~52.7	Chen et al, 2019
澳大利亚大堡礁	Porites	65.4	Alibert et al, 2003

Changes and controlling factors of seawater phosphorus in Weizhou Island over the past 30 years: Insights from high-resolution coral records

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 65

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	LI Jieli, ZOU Ligong, YANG Yufeng, WANG Qing. Zooplankton community structure and fecal carbon flux in the seaweed Sargassum beds of Weizhou Island, Guangxi, based on morphological and environmental DNA metabarcoding [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(3): 104-120.
[2]	WANG Chao, QU Ke, WANG Xu, GAO Rongze, WANG Aoyu. Influences of artificial fish reef on wave hydrodynamics of solitary wave on an uneven fringing reef [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(2): 30-38.
[3]	QIU Xingyu, LIU Qingxia, CHEN Zuozhi, CAI Yancong, HUANG Honghui. Characteristics of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of major fish species in coral reefs of the Nansha Islands in spring 2023 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 104-113.
[4]	WANG Jiaxi, LU Humu, QI Xin, GAO Chenghai, LIU Yonghong, LUO Xiaowei. Study on the secondary metabolites from the Weizhou Island coral Acropora austera associated fungus Arachniotus ruber GXIMD 02510 and their antibacterial activity [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 174-180.
[5]	XING Nannan, REN Runxin, TANG Zhenzhou, LUO Zhihong, XIA Chenxi, LIU Yonghong, PENG Liang, CHEN Xianqiang. Study on the secondary metabolites of fungus Aspergillus sp. GXIMD02003 derived from marine sediment in the Weizhou island [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(5): 154-160.
[6]	GUO Jianlin, SUN Xian, YANG Yufeng, WANG Qing. The succession characteristics of copepod community structure in the seaweed bed and its adjacent waters in the Weizhou Island, Guangxi Province [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 155-165.
[7]	LI Kaizhi, KE Zhixin, WANG Junxing, TAN Yehui. Preliminary study on the community structure of zooplankton in coral reef waters of Xisha Islands* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(2): 121-131.
[8]	HUANG Jianzhong, WEI Yuheng, GU Zhifeng, WU Chuanliang, XU Qiang, WANG Aiming, LI Xiubao. Coral community change and its influencing factors in Ximaozhou Island of Hainan [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(6): 103-113.
[9]	Ting ZHANG, Minhang HU, Wenjing ZHANG, Tianran CHEN, Meng LIU. Coral reef growth of Weizhou Island and its response to climate change in the past millennium [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(4): 70-79.
[10]	Lichun JIANG, Qun LI, Songhui LÜ. Morphology and Phylogenetics study on the species of Amphidinium (Gymnodinials, Dinophyceae) from Weizhou Island, Guangxi [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(3): 106-115.
[11]	LONG Lijuan, YANG Fangfang, WEI Zhangliang. A review on ecological restoration techniques of coral reefs [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(6): 1-8.
[12]	CHENG Xiang-ju, GUO Zhen-ren, LIU Guo, LI Bin. Study on flux of nitrogen and phosphorus across the interface of sediment-water and their diffusion areas in seawater at the aquaculture region of Daya Bay [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(4): 77-84.
[13]	CHEN Jin, LU Ping, CHEN Zhong-ying, YAN Hui-hua, LI Lai-sheng. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus at Daya Bay in Huizhou during spring and summer [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(2): 109-114.
[14]	CHEN Tian-ran, ZHENG Zhao-yong, MO Shao-hua, ZHOU Xiong, CHEN Te-gu. Variation of skeletal extension rate for Porites corals around Weizhou Island in response to global warming and increase of extreme events [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2013, 32(5): 79-84.
[15]	HE Ben-mao, LI Guang-zhao, WEI Man-xin, TAN Qu-zi. Relationship between the seasonality of seawater N∶P ratio and the structure of plankton on the reefs of Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2013, 32(4): 64-72.