2023年春季南沙珊瑚岛礁主要鱼类碳氮稳定同位素研究

doi:10.11978/2023178

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the trophic structure characteristics of the main fish species in the coral reefs of the Nansha Islands, twenty three fish species were collected from waters of the Yongshu Reef and Meiji Reef during the spring of 2023, and the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of fish were measured and used to analyze their trophic structure, and a trophic level spectrum was constructed for the fish. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of fish from the Yongshu Reef ranged from -18.74‰ to -14.33‰ and 5.96‰ to 9.37‰, with an average value of (-16.33±1.28)‰ and (8.46±0.48)‰, respectively. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of fish from the Meiji Reef ranged from -18.01‰ to -12.70‰ and 7.31‰ to 8.82‰, with an average value of (-15.02±1.53)‰ and (8.21±0.93)‰, respectively. The δ¹³C values of fish from the Yongshu Reef and Meiji Reef showed significant differences, indicating a wider food source for fish in the Meiji Reef. However, there was no significant difference in the δ¹⁵N values of fish between the two the reefs, indicating no difference in trophic structure composition between them. Cluster analysis based on the values of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope of fish divided the fishes from the two reefs into the benthic fish group and the mixed group of benthic and pelagic fishes. The trophic groups in the Meiji Reef were more vaguely defined, with evident feeding competition among carnivorous fishes. The trophic levels of fish from the Meiji Reef and the Yongshu Reef were (2.79-3.23) and (2.39-3.39), respectively. Both coral reefs were dominated by carnivorous fish at medium and low trophic levels. Most carnivorous fish were in relatively narrow ecological niches. These results suggest that the fish from the coral reefs of the Nansha Islands had a more complex trophic structure composition, wider food sources and lower community redundancy, compared with the fish from coastal tropical and subtropical bays. This study provides basic data and scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of fishery resources in the coral reef waters of the Nansha Islands.

Key words: coral reefs, fish, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, trophic structure

CLC Number:

Q958

QIU Xingyu, LIU Qingxia, CHEN Zuozhi, CAI Yancong, HUANG Honghui. Characteristics of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of major fish species in coral reefs of the Nansha Islands in spring 2023[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 104-113.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and basic information of the main fish species in the Nansha coral island reefs"

珊瑚礁	代码	种类	科	属	δ¹³ C/‰	δ¹⁵ N/‰	体长范围/mm	食性	主要食物来源
美济礁	1	单带尖唇鱼 Oxycheilinus unifasciatus	隆头鱼科	尖唇鱼属	-15.13±0.22	8.55±0.13	140~145	肉食性	鱼类、甲壳类
	2	红裸颊鲷 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus	裸颊鲷科	裸颊鲷属	-14.22±0.07	7.91±0.06	154	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	3	蜂巢石斑 Epinephelus merra	鮨科	石斑鱼属	-14.89±0.11	8.23±0.13	124~127	肉食性	鱼类、小虾
	4	横带唇鱼 Cheilinus fasciatus	隆头鱼科	尖唇鱼属	-15.68±0.21	7.31±0.01	134	肉食性	底栖生物
	5	犬牙锥齿鲷 Pentapodus caninus	金线鱼科	锥齿鲷属	-18.01±0.18	8.45±0.13	133	肉食性	小鱼、浮游动物
	6	三带副绯鲤 Parupeneus trifasciatus	羊鱼科	副绯鲤属	-15.27±0.02	8.49±0.01	143~152	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	7	三带眶棘鲈 Scolopsis trilineata	眶棘鲈科	眶棘鲈属	-13.04±0.16	7.76±0.15	198	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	8	四线笛鲷 Lutjanus kasmira	笛鲷科	笛鲷属	-13.7±0.25	8.82±0.02	145	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	9	尾纹九棘鲈 Cephalopholis urodeta	鮨科	石斑鱼属	-16.52±0.08	8.72±0.12	92~126	肉食性	鱼类、甲壳类
	10	黄尾梅鲷 Caesio cuning	乌尾鮗科	梅鲷属	-12.7±0.01	7.62±0.04	170	肉食性	浮游动物
		黄鳍多棘鳞鲀 Sufflamen chrysopterus	鳞鲀科	鳞鲀属	-16.05±0.04	9.219±0.17	152	杂食性	鱼类、藻类、底栖生物
永暑礁	11	斑尾拟鲈 Parapercis hexophthalma	拟鲈科	拟鲈属	-14.33±0.05	8.24±0.08	146~149	肉食性	底栖生物、浮游动物
	12	红裸颊鲷 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus	裸颊鲷科	裸颊鲷属	-14.79±0.12	8.32±0.12	208	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	13	黑边九棘鲈 Cephalopholis spiloparaea	鮨科	石斑鱼属	-16.74±0.09	8.7±0.07	78~104	肉食性	鱼类
	14	黑鮨棘鳞鱼 Sargocentron diadema	金鳞鱼科	棘鳞鱼属	-15.75±0.2	9.37±0.1	127	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	15	灰鳍异大眼鲷 Heteropriacanthus cruentatus	大眼鲷科	异大眼鲷属	-18.74±0.19	8.65±0.06	95~141	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	16	金带齿颌鲷 Gnathodentex aureolineatus	裸颊鲷科	裸颊鲷属	-14.86±0.08	9.2±0.04	127~158	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	17	孔锯鳞鱼 Myripristis kuntee	金鳞鱼科	棘鳞鱼属	-17.12±0.08	8.86±0.04	83~114	肉食性	底栖生物
	18	棘眼天竺鲷 Apogon fraenatus	天竺鲷科	天竺鲷属	-15.57±0	8.76±0	108	肉食性	底栖生物
	19	三带副绯鲤 Parupeneus trifasciatus	羊鱼科	副绯鲤属	-16.18±0.06	8.57±0.06	111~145	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	20	双线尖唇鱼 Oxycheilinus digramma	隆头鱼科	尖唇鱼属	-16.5±0.08	8.56±0.21	180~192	肉食性	底栖生物
	21	尾斑棘鳞鱼 Sargocentron caudimaculatum	金鳞鱼科	棘鳞鱼属	-16.16±0.04	9.11±0.03	154	肉食性	鱼类、底栖生物
	22	尾纹九棘鲈 Cephalopholis urodeta	鮨科	石斑鱼属	-16.59±0.06	8.67±0.07	91~112	肉食性	鱼类、甲壳类
		波纹钩鳞鲀 Balistapus undulatus	鳞鲀科	鳞鲀属	-15.23±0.17	9.27±0.14	175	杂食性	藻类、底栖生物、鱼类
		黑边角鳞鲀 Melichthys vidua	鳞鲀科	鳞鲀属	-17.91±0.12	6.77±0.06	140~147	杂食性	藻类、底栖生物、鱼类
		银篮子鱼 Siganus argenteus	篮子鱼科	篮子鱼属	-18.14±0.09	5.96±0.24	190~192	植食性	藻类

Tab. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

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研究区域	经纬度	珊瑚礁类型
永暑礁	9°32′—9°42′N, 112°52′—113°04′E	半开放型珊瑚环礁
美济礁	9°52′—9°56′N, 115°30′—115°35′E	准封闭的椭圆环礁

参数指数	含义	美济礁	永暑礁
δ¹⁵N范围(δ¹⁵N range, NR)	指示生态系统中营养长度和多样性	1.51	3.41
δ¹³C范围(δ¹³C range, CR)	指示食物来源多样性	5.32	4.42
凸包总面积(total area, TA)	表示食物网中营养多样性的总程度	5.15	8.40
到质心平均距离(average distance of centroid, CD)	根据每个群落组成部分到质心的欧几里得距离计算, 表示生态位宽度和物种间距	1.31	1.27
平均最邻近距离(mean nearest neighbour distance, MNND)	指示群落物种聚集的密度的均匀度, 表示营养生态位分布	0.64	0.52
最邻近距离标准差(standard deviation of nearest neighbour distance, SDNND)	指群落物种空间密度均匀度参数, 表示营养冗余度	0.44	0.38

区域	CR	NR	MNND	SDNND
南海中西部海域(黄佳兴等, 2019)	3.49	4.91	1.69	0.74
南沙群岛(宁加佳等, 2016)	3.4	4.3	0.37	0.43
大亚湾西南海域(张婉茹等, 2022)	2.83	4.18	0.31	0.23
南海中西部海域(孔业富等, 2020)	2.28	4.15	-	-
大亚湾珊瑚礁(朱文涛等, 2020)	5.92	3.72	-	-
华南典型海湾(张文博等, 2019)	4.45	4.66	0.6	0.54
大亚湾海域(汪慧娟等, 2021)	4.47	4.38	0.33	0.23
美济礁珊瑚岛礁(本研究)	5.32	1.51	0.64	0.44
永暑礁珊瑚岛礁(本研究)	4.42	3.41	0.52	0.38

永暑礁优势种鱼类	美济礁优势种鱼类
四带笛鲷 Lutjanus kasmira^*	四带笛鲷 Lutjanus kasmira^*
红牙鳞鲀Odonus niger	长棘银鲈Gerres filamentosus
金带齿颌鲷 Gnathodentex aureolineatus^*	无斑拟羊鱼Mulloidichthys vanicolensis^*
小鲔Euthynnus alletteratus	蜂巢石斑鱼Epinephelus merra^*
榄色细齿笛鲷Aphareus furca^*	犬牙锥齿鲷 Pentapodus caninus^*
黑边角鳞鲀 Melichthys vidua^*	角棘鳞鱼Sargocentron cornutum^*
短吻弱棘鱼Malacanthus brevirostris	黑斑条尾魟Taeniura melanospilos
黄鳍多棘鳞鲀 Sufflamen chrysopterus	太平洋裸颊鲷Lethrinus atkinsoni
丝尾鼻鱼 Naso vlamingii	红裸颊鲷 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus^*
黑边九棘鲈Cephalopholis spiloparaea^*	双带似天竺鲷Apogonichthyoides taeniatus^*
尾纹九棘鲈 Cephalopholis urodeta^*	尖吻棘鳞鱼argocentron spiniferum^*
	桔带裸颊鲷 Lethrinus obsole
	羽鳃鲐Rastrelliger kanagurta
	隆背笛鲷 Lutjanus gibbus
	三带眶棘鲈Scolopsis lineata^*
	三带副绯鲤 Parupeneus trifasciatus^*
	彼氏眶棘鲈Scolopsis affinis
	横带唇鱼 Cheilinus fasciatus^*

Characteristics of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of major fish species in coral reefs of the Nansha Islands in spring 2023

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