Journal of Tropical Oceanography ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 15-28.doi: 10.11978/2023015CSTR: 32234.14.2023015
• Marine Meteorology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Research on the multi-source satellite daytime sea fog detection technology based on cloud characteristics*
WANG Yu1(
), HU Chenyue1, QIU Zhongfeng1(), ZHAO Dongzhi1, WU Daomao2, LIAO Kuo3
- 1. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. Suqian Environmental Monitoring Center, Suqian 223800, China
3. Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Fuzhou 350008, China
-
Received:2023-02-08Revised:2023-03-11Online:2023-11-10Published:2023-03-23 -
Contact:WANG Yu, QIU Zhongfeng E-mail:yuwang@nuist.edul.cn;zhongfeng.qiu@nuist.edu.cn -
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976165);Advanced Program for FY Satellite Applications (2022)(FY-APP-2022.0610)
CLC Number:
- P714.2
Cite this article
WANG Yu, HU Chenyue, QIU Zhongfeng, ZHAO Dongzhi, WU Daomao, LIAO Kuo. Research on the multi-source satellite daytime sea fog detection technology based on cloud characteristics*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 15-28.
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Tab. 1
Introduction of satellite data used in daytime sea fog detection"
| 传感器 | 波段数目 | 空间分辨率/m | 时间分辨率 | 每日过境时当地时间 | 可获取时间段 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MODIS(Terra) | 36 | 1000 | 2次·d-1 | 10:30 | 2000-02-24至今 |
| MODIS(Aqua) | 36 | 1000 | 2次·d-1 | 13:30 | 2002-07-04至今 |
| VIIRS(NOAA-20) | 22 | 750 | 4h | 12:40 | 2018-01-05至今 |
| VIIRS(S-NPP) | 22 | 750 | 4h | 13:30 | 2012-01-19至今 |
Tab. 1
Tab. 2
Information of sea fog events used in the spectral radiance and cloud properties analysis"
| 序号 | 日期(年-月-日) | 区域 | 观测时间(UTC) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MODIS(Terra) | MODIS(Aqua) | VIIRS(S-NPP) | VIIRS(NOAA-20) | |||
| 1 | 2015-01-10 | 黄海 | 02:20 | 05:35 | 04:48, 04:54 | — |
| 2 | 2015-03-30 | 黄海 | 03:15 | — | 05:06, 03:30 | — |
| 3 | 2015-04-29 | 黄海、渤海 | — | 05:10 | 04:06, 04:29 | — |
| 4 | 2015-04-30 | 黄海 | 02:35 | — | 05:24 | — |
| 2015-05-01 | 黄海、东海 | 01:40, 03:15 | 04:55 | 05:06 | — | |
| 5 | 2015-06-09 | 黄海 | 03:20 | 05:00 | 04:36 | — |
| 6 | 2016-03-03 | 黄海 | 02:10 | 05:25 | 04:06, 05:48 | — |
| 2016-03-04 | 黄海、渤海 | 02:50 | 04:30 | 03:48, 05:30 | — | |
| 7 | 2018-03-24 | 黄海 | 03:05 | 04:40, 04:45 | 04:24 | 03:36, 05:12, 05:18 |
| 2018-03-25 | 黄海 | 02:10 | 05:25 | 04:06, 05:48 | 04:54, 05:00 | |
| 2018-03-26 | 黄海 | 02:50 | 04:30 | 03:48, 05:30 | — | |
| 8 | 2018-05-10 | 黄海 | 02:20 | 04:00, 05:35 | 04:42 | 03:54, 05:36 |
| 9 | 2020-02-12 | 渤海 | 02:50 | 04:30 | 03:48, 05:30 | — |
| 10 | 2020-05-16 | 黄海 | — | 04:40 | 04:24 | 05:18 |
| 11 | 2020-05-23 | 黄海 | 03:10 | 04:45 | 03:54 | 04:42 |
| 总计影像数 | 14景 | 15景 | 23景 | 9景 | ||
Tab. 2
Fig. 1
Box plot of cloud phase(a); cloud effective radius(b); cloud top height(c); cloud base height(d) of sea fog and cloud in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The five horizontal lines in box plot from top to bottom represent the maximum value, upper quartile, median, lower quartile, and minimum value, respectively, while the vertical lines indicate the range of data variation"
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Box plot of normalized difference snow index(a); normalized water vapor index(b); normalized difference fog index(c) of sea fog and cloud in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The five horizontal lines in box plot from top to bottom represent the maximum value, upper quartile, median, lower quartile, and minimum value, respectively, while the vertical lines indicate the range of data variation"
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Box plot of brightness temperature difference between the bands of 11.03 and 12.02 μm (a); brightness temperature difference between the bands of 8.55 and 11.03 μm (b) of sea fog and cloud in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The five horizontal lines in box plot from top to bottom represent the maximum value, upper quartile, median, lower quartile, and minimum value, respectively, while the vertical lines indicate the range of data variation"
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Box plot of the standard deviation of brightness temperature in thermal infrared channel of sea fog and cloud in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The five horizontal lines in box plot from top to bottom represent the maximum value, upper quartile, median, lower quartile, and minimum value, respectively, while the vertical lines indicate the range of data variation"
Fig. 4
Tab. 3
Consistency between the cloud product from MYD06 and MVCM on May 20th, 2022 at 4:45"
| 相关系数 | 显著性 | |
|---|---|---|
| 云掩膜 | 0.95 | 1 |
| 云相态 | 0.92 | 1 |
| 云顶高度 | 0.84 | 1 |
| 云有效半径 | 0.99 | 1 |
Tab. 3
Tab. 4
Cross-correction parameters between MODIS(Aqua) and VIIRS(S-NPP) on May 1st, 2015"
| 校正数据 | MODIS波段 | MODIS中心波长/μm | VIIRS中心波长/μm | 拟合斜率 | 拟合截距 | 决定系数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 反射率 | 1 | 0.645 | 0.672 | 1.03 | 0.01 | 0.87 |
| 3 | 0.469 | 0.488 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 0.87 | |
| 7 | 2.13 | 2.25 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 0.84 | |
| 辐亮度 | 20 | 3.75 | 3.70 | 0.99 | -0.03 | 0.72 |
| 亮温 | 29 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 0.85 | 39.90 | 0.72 |
| 31 | 11.03 | 10.763 | 0.86 | 39.70 | 0.72 | |
| 32 | 12.02 | 12.013 | 0.85 | 43.17 | 0.70 |
Tab. 4
Fig. 5
Normalized difference snow index, normalized water vapor index, brightness temperature difference and brightness temperature in thermal infrared channel before and after calibration, where the solid black line is the 1:1 line, the solid red line is the regression line, and the asterisk (*) indicates passing the 95% significance test"
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Statistics of cloud mask values for sea fog, cloud, and clear sky in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea"
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Flow chart of MODIS(Terra/Aqua) daytime sea fog detection based on cloud properties"
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Flow chart of VIIRS(S-NPP/NOAA-20) daytime sea fog detection based on cloud properties"
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
VIIRS (S-NPP) color-composite image with sea fog points extracted by CALIOP at 04:45 on March 25, 2021 (a) and sea fog detection result based on data of CALIOP on March 25, 2021(b). In figure (b), A is sea fog directly measured by CALIOP, B is sea fog under clouds, C is the misjudged points due to the inability to transmit through the thicker sea fog of CALIOP"
Fig. 9
Tab. 5
Validation of daytime sea fog detection model based on CALIOP data"
| 卫星 | 评价指标 | 时间窗口/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||
| MODIS(Terra) | 雾点数目 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1855 | 1977 |
| 召回率 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.97 | 0.94 | |
| 准确度 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.90 | |
| MODIS(Aqua) | 雾点数目 | 98 | 1958 | 1994 | 1994 | 1994 | 1994 |
| 召回率 | 0.66 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | |
| 准确度 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | |
| VIIRS(S-NPP) | 雾点数目 | 2056 | 2081 | 2185 | 2185 | 2185 | 2185 |
| 召回率 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | |
| 准确度 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
| VIIRS(NOAA-20) | 雾点数目 | 210 | 211 | 327 | 327 | 327 | 327 |
| 召回率 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | |
| 准确度 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | |
Tab. 5
Fig. 10
Distribution of sea fog detection accuracy of VIIRS (NOAA-20) in matched images between VIIRS (NOAA-20) and VIIRS (S-NPP) (a) and the box plot of the distribution of the number of sea fog pixels with probability of detection (POD) of VIIRS (S-NPP) in each matched image (b). The five horizontal lines in box plot from top to bottom represent the maximum value, upper quartile, median, lower quartile, and minimum value, respectively, while the vertical lines indicate the range of data variation"
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Color-composite images and sea fog detection results based on data of Terra, Aqua, S-NPP and NOAA-20 during May 20~22, 2022, with red areas indicating sea fog and white solid lines indicating the sea-land divide"
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Changes of fog area within the Bohai-Yellow and East Sea from May 20-22, 2022"
Fig. 12
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