Fig. 1

Computational setup for fringing reef"

Fig. 2

Time series of water elevation at different wave gauges (H=0.05m)"

Fig. 3

Time series of the wave runup height (H=0.05m)"

Fig. 4

Computational layout for fringing reef with an excavation pit"

Tab. 1

Parameter setup of numerical simulation"

Fig. 5

Snapshots of water velocity contour at different time moments. Left side: fringing reef without excavation pit; right side: fringing reef with excavation pit"

Fig. 6

Time series of water elevations recorded at different wave gauges on the centerline of the domain"

Fig. 7

Spatial distributions of the maximum wave height at the centerline of the domain"

Fig. 8

Temporal evolutions of wave runup height at the centerline of the domain"

Fig. 9

Temporal evolutions of wave runup height at the different longitudinal locations of the domain"

Fig. 10

Spatial distributions of the maximum wave height at the centerline of the domain under different incident wave heights"

Fig. 11

Maximum rate of increase in local wave height under different incident wave heights"

Fig. 12

Wave heights near the shoreline at the centerline of the domain under different incident wave heights"

Fig. 13

Spatial distributions of the maximum wave height at the centerline of the domain under different submergence water depths"

Fig. 14

Maximum rate of increase in local wave height under different submergence water depths"

Fig. 15

Wave heights near the shoreline at the centerline of the domain under different submergence water depths"

Fig. 16

Spatial distributions of the maximum wave height at the centerline of the domain under different excavation pit widths"

Fig. 17

Maximum rate of increase in local wave height under different excavation pit widths"

Fig. 18

Wave heights near the shoreline at the centerline of the domain under different excavation pit widths"

Fig. 19

Spatial distributions of the maximum wave height at the centerline of the domain under different excavation pit locations"

Fig. 20

Maximum rate of increase in local wave height under different excavation pit locations"

Fig. 21

Wave heights near the shoreline at the centerline of the domain under different excavation pit locations"

Fig. 22

Variation of the maximum wave runup at the centerline of the domain with wave heights and submergence water depths. (a) Influence of wave heights; (b) influence of submergence water depths"

Fig. 23

Variation of the maximum wave runup at the centerline of the domain with excavation pit widths and locations. (a) Influence of excavation pit widths; (b) influence of excavation pit locations"