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热带海洋学报

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西沙群岛宣德环礁波浪分布特征

邱立国，梁小力, 陈 斌, 王盛健, 王发云   

  1. 海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海南 海口 571126

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25 修回日期:2025-03-10 接受日期:2025-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 王发云
  • 基金资助:

    海南省海洋与渔业科学院科研项目结余经费课题(JYJF20231226)

Wave distribution characteristics of Xuande Atoll, Xisha Islands

QIU Liguo, LIANG Xiaoli, CHEN Bin, WANG Shengjian, WANG Fayun   

  1. Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China

  • Received:2024-12-25 Revised:2025-03-10 Accepted:2025-03-13
  • Contact: fa-yun
  • Supported by:

    Research project surplus funds of Hainan Academy of Marine and Fishery Sciences (JYJF20231226)

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摘要： 基于ERA5（fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate）再分析风场资料驱动SWAN（simulation wave nearshore）模型，在西沙岛礁区域采用了更好的空间分辨率网格和更为精细的实测地形，对岛礁区域进行了波浪模拟，利用位于西沙群岛和中沙群岛的实测资料进行验证，结果显示模型在南海岛礁区域反演波浪性能良好。选择宣德环礁为研究区域，采用25年（1999年~2023年）模拟结果进行分析，对宣德环礁整体波候进行了描述。宣德环礁波浪在空间维度上体现了东北强西南弱的分布特征，波浪整体上由东北向西南传播，经过礁盘的阻挡，在环礁西南部存在显著的波影区；时间维度上，12月份波浪强度最强，5月份强度最弱，整体波候为12月份至次年5月份逐渐减弱，5月份至12月份逐渐增强的分布特征。平均有效波高在环礁大部分区域有轻微的减小趋势（0~0.2cm·year-1），礁盘部分区域轻微增大（0~0.2cm·year-1）；99th百分位有效波高在大部分区域具有增大趋势（0~0.7cm·year-1），小部分礁盘区域减小（0~0.1cm·year-1），说明了宣德环礁风速整体上有减弱趋势，但台风等极端天气对宣德环礁的影响趋势在增大。宣德环礁具有上升、下降趋势的月份均为6个月，其中10月份上升幅度最大（0.4~0.8cm·year-1，11月份下降幅度最大（0.4~1.4cm·year-1）；具有上升趋势的月份统计上，99th百分位有效波高相比于平均有效波高多出1个月，说明台风等恶劣天气对宣德环礁的影响在逐年上升。虽然趋势显著性并不总是具有较高的置信水平，但在一些月份的结果是令人鼓舞的，几乎整个研究区域的置信水平都高于90%，说明了结论具有一定的可信度，这对于宣德环礁等岛礁区域未来开发建设具有重要的参考意义。

关键词: SWAN, 岛礁, 波浪, 波候, 宣德环礁

Abstract: Based on the ERA5（fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate）reanalysis wind field data driven SWAN（simulation wave nearshore）model, better spatial resolution grid and more refined measured terrain are adopted in the Xisha Islands and Reefs area, and wave simulation is carried out in the islands and reefs area. The results are verified by the measured data located in the Xisha Islands and the Zhongsha Islands. The results show that the model has good wave inversion performance in the islands and reefs area of the South China Sea. We selected Xuande Atoll as the research area and analyzed the overall wave climate of Xuande Atoll using simulation results from 1999 to 2023. The waves have a disstribution pattern with strong northeast and weak southwest in spatial dimension in Xuande Atoll, in terms of time dimension, the wave intensity is strongest in December and weakest in May, it gradually strengthens from May to December, conversely, it gradually weakens. The average significant wave height has a slight decreasing trend in most areas of the atoll (0-0.2% cm·year-1), and a slight increasing trend in some areas of the reef (0-0.2% cm·year-1); The 99th percentile significant wave height shows an increasing trend in most areas (0-0.7% cm·year-1) and a small decrease in some reef areas (0-0.1% cm·year-1), indicating that the wind speed in Xuande Atoll is generally weakening, but the impact of extreme weather such as typhoons on Xuande Atoll is increasing. The months with rising and falling trends in Xuande Atoll are all 6 months, with the largest increase in October (0.4-0.8cm·year-1) and the largest decrease in November (0.4-1.4cm·year-1); In terms of monthly statistics with an upward trend, the 99th percentile significant wave height is one month more than the average significant wave height, indicating that the impact of severe weather such as typhoons on Xuande Atoll is increasing year by year. Although trend significance does not always have a high level of confidence, the results in some months are encouraging, with almost the entire study area having a confidence level above 90%, indicating that our conclusions have a certain level of credibility. This has important reference significance for the future development and construction of islands and reefs such as Xuande Atoll.

Key words: SWAN, Islands and reefs, waves, wave climate, Xuande atoll