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热带海洋学报

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夏季西沙群岛中光层珊瑚礁鱼类多样性及DNA条形码数据库构建

陈曦1, 2, 林先智3, 4, 5, 林琳6, 7, 王腾6, 7, 刘永6, 7, 刘胜1, 凌大小1, 8, 周岩岩1, 邹柯姝2, 张黎1, 4, 5
  

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;


    2. 华南农业大学海洋学院, 广州 510642;


    3. 热带海洋生物资源与生态实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;


    4. 海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南 三亚 572000


    5. 海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院, 海南 三亚 572000;


    6. 农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东 广州 510300;


    7. 西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站/海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室/三亚热带水产研究院, 海南 三亚 572018;


    8. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049


  • 收稿日期:2026-03-20 修回日期:2026-06-19 接受日期:2026-07-06
  • 通讯作者: 林先智
  • 基金资助:
    科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100600); 海南省自然科学基金创新研究团队项目(423CXTD392); 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室自主项目-实验平台建设项目(SKLTO2025PT002); 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室运行经费(2023B1212060047); 国家自然基金专项项目(L2424234)

Summer diversity of mesophotic coral reef fishes and establishment of a DNA Barcoding Database in the Xisha islands

CHEN Xi1, 2, LIN Xianzhi3, 4, 5, LIN Lin6, 7, WANG Teng6, 7, LIU Yong6, 7, LIU Sheng 1, LING Daxiao1, 8, ZHOU Yanyan1, ZOU Keshu2, ZHANG Li 1, 4, 5    

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China;


    2. College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China;


    3. Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China;


    4. National Field Observation and Research Station (Hainan Sanya) for Marine Ecosystem, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China


    5. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China;


    6. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China;


    7. Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province/ Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China;


    8. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China


  • Received:2026-03-20 Revised:2026-06-19 Accepted:2026-07-06
  • Supported by:

     Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (2022FY100600); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (423CXTD392); The program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLTO2025PT002); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2023B1212060047); Special Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2424234)

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摘要： 中光层珊瑚礁生态系统在全球海洋生态系统中占据重要地位，但我国针对中光层珊瑚礁鱼类缺乏系统性调查，且尚未建立本土DNA条形码数据库。本研究于2024年8月在西沙群岛9个核心岛礁通过手钓和潜水捕捉方式采集30~100米水深鱼类465尾，采用形态学鉴定与线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI)基因条形码技术相结合的方法，系统分析了该区域鱼类多样性特征。研究共鉴定鱼类83种，隶属1纲7目21科44属。鱼类物种组成中，鲈形目占绝对优势(81.71%)，体型组成以中小型鱼类为主(40.96%)，食性中肉食性鱼类占比高达96.38%。栖息水深分析显示广布种占比达83.13%，证实中光层珊瑚礁是连接浅水与深水生态系统的关键过渡带。基于COI基因的系统发育分析显示明显的条形码间隙，bPTP(Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes)后验概率PP均值0.80，为中等可靠，支持物种鉴定的可靠性。本研究首次系统揭示了西沙群岛中光层鱼类多样性特征，构建了首个本土中光层珊瑚礁鱼类DNA条形码数据库，为南海中光层珊瑚礁生态系统的保护管理与生物多样性监测提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 中光层珊瑚礁生态系统, 鱼类多样性, DNA条形码, COⅠ 基因, 群落结构

Abstract: Mesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs) play a crucial role in global marine ecosystems. However, China lacks systematic surveys of mesophotic coral reef fishes, and no native DNA barcoding database for these fishes has been established to date. In this study, 465 fish individuals were collected at depths of 30–100 m from 9 core islets and reefs in the Xisha Islands in August 2024 through hand fishing and diving capture. A combination of morphological identification and mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene barcoding technology was employed to systematically analyze the characteristics of fish diversity in this region. A total of 83 fish species were identified, belonging to 1 class, 7 orders, 21 families, and 44 genera. Among the fish composition, Perciformes dominated absolutely (81.71%), small-sized fishes constituted the majority of the body size composition (40.96%), and carnivorous fishes accounted for as high as 96.38% of the feeding habits. Analysis of habitat depth showed that broadly distributed species made up 83.13%, confirming that mesophotic coral reefs are key transition zones connecting shallow and deep-water ecosystems. Phylogenetic analysis based on the COI gene revealed a distinct barcoding gap, and the mean posterior probability (PP) obtained from the bPTP (Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes) analysis was 0.80, supporting the reliability of species identification. This study is the first to systematically reveal the diversity characteristics of mesophotic coral reef fishes in the Xisha Islands and establish the first native DNA barcoding database for these fishes. It provides an important scientific basis for the conservation management and biodiversity monitoring of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea.

Key words: Xisha Islands, Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs), Fish diversity, DNA barcoding, COI gene, Community structure