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热带海洋学报

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西沙群岛和海南岛八放珊瑚的物种多样性

王嫣1, 李立微1, 孙增超1, 卢章旺1, 田晶晶2, 王绥腾1, 廖婷馨1   

  1. 1. 海南大学海洋生物与水产学院, 海南 海口 570228;

    2. 海南三亚国家级珊瑚礁自然保护区管理处, 海南 三亚 572011

  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-08-19 接受日期:2025-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 王嫣
  • 基金资助:
    科技基础资源调查专项课题(2022FY100604)

Species Diversity of Octocorals in the Xisha Islands and Hainan Island

WANG Yan 1，LI Liwei 1, SUN Zengchao 1, LU Zhangwang 1, TIAN Jingjing 2, WANG Suiteng1, LIAO Tingxing1   

  1. 1. School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;

    2. Sanya National Coral Reef Nature Reserve Administration, Sanya, Hainan 572011, China

  • Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-08-19 Accepted:2025-08-28
  • Contact: Yan, WANG
  • Supported by:

    Special Project of Basic Resources Survey of Science and Technology (2022FY100604)

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摘要： 八放珊瑚（octocorals）隶属刺胞动物门(Cnidaria)八放珊瑚纲 (Octocorallia)，它们广泛分布于世界的各个海域，是珊瑚礁生态系统重要的组成部分。然而，西沙群岛与海南岛地区的八放珊瑚长期缺乏系统性的调查研究。本研究团队自2018年起，对海南岛周边海域的八放珊瑚进行调研，并参加2020、2023和2024年三个西沙群岛珊瑚礁的调查航次。综合历年的样品，结合分子和形态两个方面的证据，共鉴定出西沙群岛八放珊瑚111种，隶属21科44属，其中绝大多数（18科39属100种）为西沙群岛新纪录，1科4属15种为中国新纪录。海南岛八放珊瑚39种，隶属7科10属，其中约一半（2科6属20种）为海南岛新纪录。对西沙群岛八放珊瑚的深度分布分析显示，41种仅分布在30米以浅的海区，这些八放珊瑚大多（29/41，71%）含共生虫黄藻；19种在浅层和中光层均有分布，这些八放珊瑚也大多（14/19，74%）含共生虫黄藻；51种仅分布在30-110 m的中光层，这些八放珊瑚则大多（41/51，80%）不含共生虫黄藻。在西沙群岛的15种中国新纪录中，有12种（80%）为仅分布在中光层的八放珊瑚，突显以往在该深度带对八放珊瑚调查工作的显着不足。此外，鉴于近年八放珊瑚的分类系统已做较大的修订，本研究基于新的分类系统，编制了中国八放珊瑚物种名录，共记录2目39科88属496种，其中135种（27%）原有的学名已被更改或已不被接受。

关键词: 八放珊瑚, 西沙群岛, 海南岛, 中光层, 物种名录

Abstract: Octocorals belong to the phylum Cnidaria and the class Octocorallia. Widely distributed across the world’s oceans, they are important components of coral reef ecosystems. However, systematic studies of octocorals in the Xisha Islands and Hainan Island regions have long been lacking. Since 2018, our research team has been conducting surveys of octocorals in the waters surrounding Hainan Island and participated in three coral reef expeditions to the Xisha Islands in 2020, 2023, and 2024. Based on comprehensive analysis of collected specimens, using both morphological and molecular evidence, we identified 111 octocoral species from the Xisha Islands, belonging to 21 families and 44 genera. Of these, the vast majority—100 species from 18 families and 39 genera—are newly recorded for the Xisha Islands, while 15 species from 4 genera and 1 family represent new records for China. In the waters around Hainan Island, we identified 39 species from 7 families and 10 genera, about half of which—20 species from 2 families and 6 genera—are new records for Hainan Island. Depth distribution analysis of octocorals in the Xisha Islands reveals that 41 species occur exclusively in shallow waters (<30 m), and most of these (29/41, 71%) harbor symbiotic zooxanthellae. Another 19 species are found in both shallow and mesophotic zones, with 74% (14/19) also containing zooxanthellae. In contrast, 51 species occur only in the mesophotic zone (30-110 m), the majority of which (41/51, 80%) lack symbiotic algae. Notably, of the 15 species newly recorded for China from the Xisha Islands, 12 species (80%) are restricted to the mesophotic zone, highlighting the historical lack of octocoral surveys at these depths. In addition, considering recent substantial revisions to the taxonomy of octocorals, this study compiles an updated checklist of octocoral species in China based on the latest classification system. The checklist includes 2 orders, 39 families, 88 genera, and 496 species, of which 135 species (27%) have had their original scientific names revised or are no longer accepted.

Key words: Octocorals, Xisha Islands, Hainan Island, Mesophotic zone, Species checklist