湛江海域5种江蓠属物种(江蓠科, 红藻门)的形态与分子鉴定研究

doi:10.11978/2025026

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 74-90.doi: 10.11978/2025026CSTR: 32234.14.2025026

湛江海域5种江蓠属物种(江蓠科, 红藻门)的形态与分子鉴定研究

李能辉¹^,²^,³(), 吕正文¹^,²^,³, 蔡红艳², 李航², 曾俊², 何海萍², 朱宇珍¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 吴科锋¹^,³^,⁴, 赵卫⁵, 谭华强²^,⁴(), 罗辉¹^,³^,⁴()

¹ 广东医科大学海洋与热带医学学院, 广东湛江 524023
² 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江), 广东湛江 524002
³ 广东湛江海洋医药研究院, 广东湛江 524023
⁴ 湛江市海洋藻类高值化利用工程技术研究中心, 广东湛江 524023
⁵ 南方医科大学公共卫生学院, 广东省热带病研究重点实验室, 广东广州 510515

收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 谭华强。email: LLhqtan@163.com;罗辉。email: luohui@gdmu.edu.cn
作者简介:
李能辉(1999—), 男, 云南省文山市人, 硕士研究生, 从事大型海藻分类研究。email: lnh19966591137@163.com
基金资助:
广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2024-MRB-00-001); 湛江市科技计划专项(2022A01207); 湛江市海洋青年人才创新项目(2023E0008); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)项目(ZJW-2023-12); 广东医科大学“冲补强”专项(4SG23009G); 广东医科大学“冲补强”专项(4SG22264G)

Morphological and molecular identification of five Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Zhanjiang coastal area

LI Nenghui¹^,²^,³(), LYU Zhengwen¹^,²^,³, CAI Hongyan², LI Hang², ZENG Jun², HE Haiping², ZHU Yuzhen¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WU Kefeng¹^,³^,⁴, ZHAO Wei⁵, TAN Huaqiang²^,⁴(), LUO Hui¹^,³^,⁴()

¹ School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
² Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524002, China
³ The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
⁴ Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
⁵ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: TAN Huaqiang. email: LLhqtan@163.com;LUO Hui. email: luohui@gdmu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Core Technology Research Project for Suitable Species of Modern Marine Ranch in Guangdong Province, China(2024-MRB-00-001); Science and Technology Program of Zhanjiang, China(2022A01207); Zhanjiang Marine Youth Talent Innovation Project, China(2023E0008); Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang) Project, China(ZJW-2023-12); Discipline Construction Project of Guangdong Medical University, China(4SG23009G); Discipline Construction Project of Guangdong Medical University, China(4SG22264G)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湛江地处我国南海海域, 海藻资源丰富。为澄清该地区江蓠属物种多样性, 本研究通过形态学、解剖学和分子分析方法, 对湛江海域潮间带大型海藻资源进行了分类学研究。结果表明, 共鉴定出5个物种, 分别为海南江蓠(Gracilaria hainanensis)、刺边江蓠(G. spinulosa)、缢江蓠(G. salicornia)以及两个未定种(Gracilaria sp.)。并探讨了这5个江蓠物种的分类现状, 指出了现分类体系中尚存在的一些问题与争议。本研究不仅澄清了湛江海域江蓠属物种的分类地位, 也为该地区红藻资源的开发与生物多样性保护提供理论依据。

关键词: 江蓠科, 系统发育分析, rbcL, 多样性, 隐存种

Abstract:

Zhanjiang, located in the South China Sea, is rich in seaweed resources. To clarify the species diversity of the genus Gracilaria in this region, this study conducted a taxonomic investigation of intertidal macroalgae in the coastal waters of Zhanjiang using morphological, anatomical, and molecular approaches. The findings revealed the presence of five species: Gracilaria hainanensis, G. spinulosa, G. salicornia, and two as-yet undescribed species (Gracilaria sp.). The current taxonomic status of these five species was discussed, and several existing issues and controversies within the classification system were revealed. This study not only clarifies the taxonomy of Gracilaria species in the Zhanjiang coastal area, but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of red algal resources and the conservation of biodiversity in this region.

Key words: Gracilariaceae, phylogenetic analysis, rbcL, diversity, cryptic species

中图分类号:

Q949.29

李能辉, 吕正文, 蔡红艳, 李航, 曾俊, 何海萍, 朱宇珍, 吴科锋, 赵卫, 谭华强, 罗辉. 湛江海域5种江蓠属物种(江蓠科, 红藻门)的形态与分子鉴定研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 74-90.

LI Nenghui, LYU Zhengwen, CAI Hongyan, LI Hang, ZENG Jun, HE Haiping, ZHU Yuzhen, WU Kefeng, ZHAO Wei, TAN Huaqiang, LUO Hui. Morphological and molecular identification of five Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Zhanjiang coastal area[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 74-90.

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物种	样品编号	采集地点	登录号
物种	样品编号	采集地点	rbcL	cox1
刺边江蓠 (Gracilaria spinulosa)	XW24051301	徐闻县角尾乡	PQ799435	PQ799449
	XW24051302	徐闻县角尾乡	PQ799436	PQ799450
	XW24051305	徐闻县角尾乡	PQ799437	PQ799451
海南江蓠 (Gracilaria hainanensis)	ZJ23042602	湛江市特呈岛	PQ799445	PQ799442
	LZ23041405	雷州市乌石镇	PQ799446	PQ799443
	XW24051306	徐闻县角尾乡	PP942170	PQ799454
缢江蓠 (Gracilaria salicornia)	LZ23041408	雷州市乌石镇	PQ799447	PQ799444
缢江蓠 (Gracilaria salicornia)	LZ23041409	雷州市海尾村	PQ799448	PQ799452
Gracilaria sp.1	LZ23053001	雷州市乌石镇	PP353687	PP353684
	LZ23053002	雷州市乌石镇	PP353688	PP353685
	XW23061503	徐闻县角尾乡	PP353689	PP353686
Gracilaria sp.2	LZ23041402	雷州市乌石镇	PQ799431	PQ799438
	LZ23041403	雷州市乌石镇	PQ799432	PQ799439
	XW23061502	徐闻县海珠港	PQ799433	PQ799440

特征	样品	刺边江蓠	刺边江蓠(台湾)	G. huangii
高/cm	7~12	6~11.5	2.8~9		4~8
宽/cm	0.5~2.5	0.5~1.2	0.2~0.7		0.4~1.5
体厚/μm	288~562	415~448	110~160 (~405)		250~500
固着器	不规则盘状, 具短柄	不规则盘状, 具短柄	盘状, 偶有短柄		盘状, 上有短柄
分枝模式	分枝密集; 不规则的二叉式分枝	不规则的二叉式分枝	疏松至密集的不规则二叉式分枝		分枝疏松; 3~5次不规则二叉式分枝
髓部	3~5层; 75~216μm	4~5层; 直径达132μm	2~3层; 75~90(~120)μm×90~120 (~195)μm		1~3层; 75~160μm×150~170μm
表层	1~2层; 6.6~12.7μm×5.4~10.8μm	2层; 7~10μm×3~7μm	1~2层; 5~8μm×5~6μm		1~2层; 5~6μm
内皮层	1~2层; 15~42μm	20~40μm	1~2层; 30~65μm		1~2层; 12~20μm
囊果大小	近球形; 0.7~1.1mm×0.9~1.6mm	近球形; 1.2mm×1.6mm	半球形; 1.1~1.4mm		半球形; 1.2~2.2mm
囊果被	12~15层; 厚219~345μm	12~14层; 厚332~415μm	未观察		未观察
吸收丝	明显	明显	明显		稀少
精子囊窠	未观察	“T”型; 33~40μm×26~43μm	“T”型		“T”型
四分孢子囊	未观察	未观察	散布藻体皮层		散布藻体皮层
参考文献	本文	夏邦美(1999)	Lin (2006a)	Lin et al (2006b)

特征	样品	海南江蓠	G. manilaensis	硬江蓠
高/cm	15~46	15~35	60或更高	10~20
宽/mm	1.8~3	2~3	1.5	1~3
分枝模式	不规则的互生或偏生	不规则互生或偏生	互生, 有时偏生或不规则	多为互生, 偶有偏生
分枝长度	35cm	可达45cm	分枝众多且较长	未观察
分枝缢缩	基部强烈缢缩	强烈缢缩成细柄	基部处明显缢缩	基部渐细成极细的柄
髓部	450~1017μm	500~550 (~950)μm	最大可达570μm	230~450μm
表层	1~3层; 8.5~15.7μm×6.3~13.5μm	1~3层; 7~9μm×5~7μm	1~2层; 7.2~12.8μm×8.8~13.6μm	2~3层; 6.6~13.2μm×3.3~6.6μm
内皮层	1~2层; 18~43μm	23~33μm	未观察	3~5层; 26~83μm
囊果大小	锥型; 608μm×831μm	锥形; 高414~435μm	球形; 可达1000μm	圆锥或半球形; 580~630μm
囊果被	10~14层; 厚101~207μm	9~11层; 厚90~120μm	未观察	8~10层; 厚83~95μm
吸收丝	发达	明显	存在	不存在
精子囊窠	“V”型; 46~85μm×31~73μm	“V”型; 37μm×39μm	“V”型; 71μm×50μm	“V”型; 66~116μm×33~66μm
四分孢子囊	22~42μm×15~24μm	37~39μm×21~26μm	35~40μm×24~27μm	50~66μm×26~43μm
参考文献	本文	张峻甫等(1976)	Yamamoto et al (1994)	张峻甫等(1976)

特征	样品	繖房江蓠	G. fisheri
高/cm	10~20	7~8	15~30
宽/mm	1.3~2.8	1~1.5	0.5~2
分枝模式	不规则互生或叉分	不规则的二叉式分枝	3~4次互生, 偶尔侧生
分枝缢缩	通常不缢缩, 偶有略缩	不缢缩	轻微缢缩, 或不缢缩
髓部/μm	208~750	183~365	240~560
表层	1~2层; 8.2~13.5μm×5.5~11.8μm	1~2层; 7~10μm×4~10μm	3~4层
内皮层	1~2层; 18~47μm	2~3层, 较小	未观察
囊果大小	锥型或半球形; 588~917μm×710~1124μm	半球形或近球形; 830~930μm×1328~1411μm	圆锥形或半球形; 700μm
囊果被	7~13层; 厚101~181μm	6~10层; 厚116~162μm	未观察
囊果被细胞形态	扁圆或呈星型	圆或扁圆	扁压, 内容物呈星型
果孢子囊/μm	22~30	23.1~30	20~25
吸收丝	明显	明显	稀少
精子囊窠	“P”型; 50~132μm×41~127μm	“V”型; 46~50μm×33~43μm	“P”型; 40~63μm×43~50μm
四分孢子囊	31~40μm×13~23μm	未观察	12.5~15μm×26~30μm
参考文献	本文	张峻甫等(1976)	Xia et al (1987); Abbott et al (1991)

湛江海域5种江蓠属物种(江蓠科, 红藻门)的形态与分子鉴定研究

Morphological and molecular identification of five Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Zhanjiang coastal area

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