珠江口典型海岛周边水域浮游植物分布特征及其影响因素*

doi:10.11978/2020008

Abstract

Abstract:

Human activities around the islands are having growing impacts on aquatic ecosystems in the region, with increasing eutrophication and algal bloom events, despite the fact that the development of island tourism has brought considerable economic benefits to the locals. In this paper, we discuss the potential impacts of the Pearl River discharges and human activities on the aquatic ecological status around the natural estuarine islands, based on comparative study of environmental characteristics and phytoplankton distribution in the adjacent waters of representative islands (Miaowan Island, MI; and Wailingding Island, WI) in the Pear River Estuary during the wet season and dry season. In the dry season, 76 and 74 phytoplankton species were found in the waters around WI and MI, with average abundance values of 2.62 × 10 ⁴ and 2.08 × 10 ⁴ cells·L^-1, respectively. In the wet season, the numbers of species were 38 and 47, and the average abundance values were 52.91 × 10 ⁴ and 170.57 × 10 ⁴ cells·L^-1, respectively. In the wet season, Skeletonema coatatum was the predominated species around both islands, while in the dry season, the dominant species were Chaetoceros affinis in WI and Cylindrotheca closterium in MI. The phytoplankton species diversity indexes of both islands in the dry season were higher than those in the dry season. Nano-phytoplankton was always the most predominated group among three size-fractionated phytoplankton groups, although in the wet season, the contribution of micro-phytoplankton increased from 16.32 % to 26.75 % and from 12.12 % to 24.78 % in MI and WI, respectively. Among the pico-phytoplankton groups, Synechococcus (Syn, ~10⁷ cells·L^-1) and eukaryotic pico-phytoplankton (Euk, ~10⁸ cells·L^-1) were detected during our investigation. The comparative analysis results with environmental variables showed that the spatial distribution patterns and seasonal variation of phytoplankton were affected by several factors. The seasonal variation was regulated by the intensity and affecting area of Pearl River discharge, the relative salinity and nutrient input. In the wet season, the island shielding effect (ISE) showed significant influences on spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance around each island, with higher biomass often found in the area facing the Pearl River flow direction; however, the phytoplankton community structure was not significantly affected by the ISE. In the dry season, the horizontal and vertical distributions of phytoplankton showed much smaller variation, and were probably impacted by human activities and intensified vertical mixing.

Key words: Pearl River Estuary, Wailingding Island, Miaowan Island, Phytoplankton, Island shielding effect

CLC Number:

P735.121

SU Xinying, ZHONG Yu, LI Yao, TAN Meiting, HUANG Yadong, LIU Shan, XU Xiangrong, SONG Xingyu. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton in waters around typical islands in the Pearl River Estuary*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(5): 30-42.

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参数平均值	枯水期				丰水期
	表层		底层		表层		底层
	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面
温度/℃	26.17±0.12	26.07±0.05	26.13±0.15	26.08±0.07	28.55±0.13	28.56±0.12	28.73±0.15	28.71±0.10
温度/℃	26.1±0.09		26.1±0.1		28.56±0.12		28.72±0.11
pH	8.25±0.15	8.25±0.98	8.30±0.11	8.29±0.65	8.51±0.05	8.41±0.20	8.41±0.41	8.37±0.07
pH	8.25±0.08		8.3±0.05		8.45±0.16		8.39±0.06
盐度/‰	33.44±0.02	33.44±0.01	33.45±0.15	33.45±0.11	19.38±0.57	24.97±1.60	26.86±5.26	30.30±1.42
盐度/‰	33.44±0.02		33.45±0.01		22.73±3.14*		28.89±3.70
溶解无机氮浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	22.07±5.20	33.45±0.01	30.93±7.32	17.88±5.84	26.27±3.44	17.56±5.76	17.85±9.57	11.11±2.61
溶解无机氮浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	17.02±6.77		22.23±8.79*		21.04±6.53*		13.81±6.81
溶解无机磷浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	1.73±0.36	0.89±0.33	1.86±0.46	1.01±0.29	0.47±0.15	0.46±0.23	0.46±0.26	0.31±0.03
溶解无机磷浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	1.23±0.51*		1.29±0.53*		0.46±0.20		0.37±0.17
硅酸盐浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	159.22±16.93	122.82±39.56	172.29±21.73	127.17±47.03	96.15±4.26	80.19±27.42	56.39±34.90	34.37±8.06
硅酸盐浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	134.96±37.16		142.2±44.83		86.58±22.18		43.18±13.48

参数平均值	枯水期				丰水期
	表层		底层		表层		底层
	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面	迎流面	背流面
温度/°C	26.45±0.10	26.5±0.07	26.45±0.10	26.48±0.08	28.70±0.00	28.78±0.16	28.56±0.30	28.96±0.22
温度/°C	26.48±0.08		26.47±0.09		28.76±0.33		28.74±0.12*
pH	8.35±0.03	8.23±0.03	8.37±0.02	8.31±0.04	8.71±0.54	8.69±0.50	8.49±0.07	8.55±0.48
pH	8.28±0.07**		8.34±0.05*		8.7±0.06		8.52±0.05
盐度‰	33.93±0.05	33.93±0.11	33.94±0.05	33.94±0.08	21.84±2.59	28.21±1.29	31.50±1.60	32.32±1.20
盐度‰	33.93±0.01		33.94±0.01		25.03±1.41**		31.91±3.88
溶解无机氮浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	8.25±1.64	8.74±2.89	10.05±2.18	8.56±3.32	12.30±3.32	4.67±0.77	4.12±1.27	11.48±2.74
溶解无机氮浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	8.52±2.29		9.22±2.81		8.46±4.65**		3.54±1.07
溶解无机磷浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	0.70±0.16	0.59±0.15	0.59±0.21	0.55±0.18	0.17±0.02	0.18±0.02	0.18±0.02	0.31±0.03
溶解无机磷浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	0.64±0.16		0.57±0.18		0.18±0.02		0.17±0.02
硅酸盐浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	50.47±9.16	56.16±2.85	57.13±6.37	45.75±12.21	40.60±8.64	17.93±3.60	15.90±5.64	10.92±2.57
硅酸盐浓度/(μmol·L^-1)	53.63±6.67		50.81±12.91		29.27±13.48**		13.41±4.90

采样点	枯水期优势种	丰水期优势种
外伶仃岛	窄隙角毛藻、拟旋链角毛藻、根状角毛藻、新月筒柱藻、翼根管藻(原型)、菱形海线藻、圆海链藻	中肋骨条藻、海链藻、角毛藻、绕孢角毛藻
庙湾岛	新月筒柱藻、根状角毛藻、菱形海线藻、红海束毛藻	中肋骨条藻、海链藻

		溶解无机氮	溶解无机磷	硅酸盐	温度	溶解氧	pH	盐度	N:P
枯水期	真核藻	-0.40*	-0.43	0.53**	0.75**	0.25	0.06	0.76**	0.04
枯水期	聚球藻	0.04	-0.01	-0.04	0.37	-0.29	-0.23	0.28	0.09
丰水期	真核藻	0.80**	0.34*	0.68**	-0.33*	-0.20	-0.22	-0.66**	0.60**
丰水期	聚球藻	0.86**	0.37*	0.72**	-0.47**	0.15**	0.15	-0.86**	0.80**

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton in waters around typical islands in the Pearl River Estuary*

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