海南临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境影响因子

doi:10.11978/2023081

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao, Lingao, Hainan, a survey on the reef-building coral communities, substrate types, sediment accumulation rates and water environmental factors was conducted in the region from 18th to 23th March, 2023. The results showed that: 1) reef-building corals in the region were identified with 42 species in 24 genera of 13 families and 7 undetermined species, with a mean cover of (18.05±10.53)%, concentrated at water depths of 1.0~2.5m; 2) the dominant species of reef-building corals were predominantly massive or encrusting growth types, and dead reef-building coral cover (> 2 years old) was significantly negatively correlated with live reef-building coral cover and Shannon's diversity index, while Shannon's diversity index was significantly positively correlated with Simpson's dominance index and Pielou's evenness index, indicating that the death of reef-building corals was accompanied by a significant reduction in their cover and species diversity; 3) dead reef-building coral cover was significantly positively correlated with sand cover and negatively correlated with pH; the Pielou's evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and sediment accumulation rates; water turbidity was significantly positively correlated with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation (K_d-PAR) and its mean value (3.81±1.10) NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) already exceeded the stress threshold of 3NTU affecting the growth of reef-building corals. These results demonstrate that benthic sand cover, sedimentation rate, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and K_d-PAR are important environmental factors affecting the structure of reef-building coral communities in this area. In summary, the coastal waters of Lingao Hongpai-Maniao is one of the hotspots for the distribution of reef-building corals, with high species diversity and cover. However, the vertical distribution of reef-building corals in this region is narrow and is under stress from multiple environmental factors, requiring effective measures for timely protection.

Key words: Lingao, reef-building corals, community structure, environmental factors, impacts

LUO Yong, HUANG Lintao, YANG Jianhui, LIAN Jiansheng, LIU Chengyue, JIANG Lei, LIANG Yuxian, CHEN Lunju, LEI Xinming, LIU Sheng, HUANG Hui. Community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental impact factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao, Lingao, Hainan[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 72-86.

Figures/Tables 12

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Tab. 2

List of reef-building coral species in the coastal waters of Lingao’s Hongpai-Maniao and their comparison with surrounding waters"

类群	科			属	种	临高新盈和临高角	儋州磷枪石岛Ⅰ	昌江海尾	儋州磷枪石岛Ⅱ		儋州白马井、南华墟和磷枪石岛	临高红牌-马袅海域(本研究)
复杂类群	鹿角珊瑚科			鹿角珊瑚属	指形鹿角珊瑚 Acropora digitifera			+			+
					粗野鹿角珊瑚 Acropora humilis		+	+	+		+
					风信子鹿角珊瑚 Acropora hyacinthus		+		+
					多孔鹿角珊瑚 Acropora millepora		+	+	+
					美丽鹿角珊瑚 Acropora muricata			+			+
					鼻形鹿角珊瑚 Acropora nasuta		+		+
					霜鹿角珊瑚 Acropora pruinosa			+			+
					佳丽鹿角珊瑚 Acropora pulchra	+		+
					单独鹿角珊瑚 Acropora solitaryensis						+
					鹿角珊瑚 Acropora sp.	+	+
					隆起鹿角珊瑚 Acropora tumida			+
					壮实鹿角珊瑚 Acropora valida		+		+
				星孔珊瑚属	多星孔珊瑚 Astreopora myriophthalma						+
				蔷薇珊瑚属	繁锦蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora efflorescens		+
					横错蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora gaimardi				+
					弯柔蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora mollis						+
					单星蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora monasteriat		+
					翼形蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora peltiformis		+	+			+
					蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora sp.	+	+					+
					膨胀蔷薇珊瑚 Montipora turgescens		+				+
	滨珊瑚科			角孔珊瑚属	柱形角孔珊瑚 Goniopora columna			+			+	+
					大角孔珊瑚 Goniopora djiboutiensis			+			+	+
					小角孔珊瑚 Goniopora minor							+
					诺福克角孔珊瑚 Goniopora norfolkensis							+
					潘朵拉角孔珊瑚 Goniopora pandoraensis							+
					扁平角孔珊瑚 Goniopora planulata	+	+	+	+
					角孔珊瑚 Goniopora sp.			+				+
					斯托科斯角孔珊瑚 Goniopora stokesi							+
				伯孔珊瑚属	斯氏伯孔珊瑚 Bernardpora stutchburyi	+	+				+	+
				滨珊瑚属	亚氏滨珊瑚 Porites aranetai							+
					团块滨珊瑚 Porites lobata						+	+
					澄黄滨珊瑚 Porites lutea	+	+	+	+		+	+
					普哥滨珊瑚 Porites pukoensis			+	+
					坚实滨珊瑚 Porites solida							+
					滨珊瑚 Porites sp.		+					+
	菌珊瑚科			厚丝珊瑚属	标准厚丝珊瑚 Pachyseris speciosa		+
				牡丹珊瑚属	十字牡丹珊瑚 Pavona decussata	+	+	+			+	+
				牡丹珊瑚属	叶形牡丹珊瑚 Pavona frondifera		+
	真叶珊瑚科			真叶珊瑚属	联合真叶珊瑚 Euphyllia cristata						+
复杂类群		真叶珊瑚科	真叶珊瑚属		缨真叶珊瑚 Euphyllia fimbriata					+
			盔形珊瑚属		稀杯盔形珊瑚 Galaxea astreata			+			+	+
			盔形珊瑚属		丛生盔形珊瑚 Galaxea fascicularis	+	+	+		+	+	+
		铁星珊瑚科	假铁星珊瑚属		假铁星珊瑚 Pseudosiderastrea tayamai							+
		木珊瑚科	陀螺珊瑚属		皱折陀螺珊瑚 Turbinaria mesenterina		+			+	+
		木珊瑚科	陀螺珊瑚属		盾形陀螺珊瑚 Turbinaria peltata	+		+		+	+	+
坚实类群		星群珊瑚科	柱群珊瑚属		罩柱群珊瑚 Stylocoeniella guentheri		+				+	+
		杯形珊瑚科	杯形珊瑚属		鹿角杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora damicornis		+	+
					埃氏杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora eydouxi		+
					多曲杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora meandrina		+
					疣状杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora verrucosa		+
		石芝珊瑚科	石芝珊瑚属		石芝珊瑚 Fungia fungites			+
		石芝珊瑚科	足柄珊瑚属		壳形足柄珊瑚 Podabacia crustacea		+
		沙珊瑚科	沙珊瑚属		深室沙珊瑚 Psammocora contigua		+				+	+
		沙珊瑚科	沙珊瑚属		沙珊瑚 Psammocora sp.							+
		筛珊瑚科	筛珊瑚属		吞蚀筛珊瑚 Coscinaraea exesa						+	+
		筛珊瑚科	筛珊瑚属		筛珊瑚 Coscinaraea sp.						+
		黑星珊瑚科	黑星珊瑚属		黑星珊瑚 Oulastrea crispata						+	+
		叶状珊瑚科	棘星珊瑚属		棘星珊瑚 Acanthastrea echinata						+	+
			棘星珊瑚属		联合棘星珊瑚 Acanthastrea hemprichii						+
			刺叶珊瑚属		粗糙刺叶珊瑚 Echinophyllia aspera						+
			叶状珊瑚属		菌形叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia agaricia		+
					伞房叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia corymbosa			+			+
					褶曲叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia flabelliformis						+
					赫氏叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia hemprichii						+
					辐射叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia radians		+
		裸肋珊瑚科	刺孔珊瑚属		宝石刺孔珊瑚 Echinopora gemmacea							+
			刺星珊瑚属		小叶刺星珊瑚 Cyphastrea microphthalma							+
					日本刺星珊瑚 Cyphastrea japonica						+
					锯齿刺星珊瑚 Cyphastrea serailia	+	+	+		+	+	+
			菊花珊瑚属		粗糙菊花珊瑚 Goniastrea aspera		+			+	+
					梳状菊花珊瑚 Goniastrea pectinata		+			+
					网状菊花珊瑚 Goniastrea retiformis	+	+
					菊花珊瑚 Goniastrea sp.		+					+
			刺柄珊瑚属		腐蚀刺柄珊瑚 Hydnophora exesa	+	+	+			+	+
			圆星珊瑚属		曲圆星珊瑚 Astrea curta						+	+
			腔星珊瑚属		粗糙腔星珊瑚 Coelastrea aspera							+
			腔星珊瑚属		帛琉腔星珊瑚 Coelastrea palauensis		+	+
			盘星珊瑚属		黄癣盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea favus						+	+
					蜥岛盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea lizardensis						+
					海洋盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea maritima						+	+
					大盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea maxima							+
					罗图马盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea rotumana	+		+			+	+
					标准盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea speciosa		+	+		+	+	+
坚实类群		裸肋珊瑚科	盘星珊瑚属		盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea sp.							+
			扁脑珊瑚属		尖边扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra acuta						+
					肉质扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra carnosa			+			+	+
					交替扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra crosslandi	+	+				+
					精巧扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra daedalea	+				+	+
					小扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra pini							+
					中华扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra sinensis		+
					扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra sp.	+	+
					琉球扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra ryukyuensis						+
					八重山扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra yaeyamaensis							+
			角蜂巢珊瑚属		秘密角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites abdita	+	+	+			+	+
					尖丘角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites acuticollis						+
					中华角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites chinensis					+	+	+
					板叶角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites complanata		+					+
					多弯角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites flexuosa		+				+	+
					小五边角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites micropentagonus						+
					五边角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites pentagona	+		+			+	+
					角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites sp.	+	+					+
		同星珊瑚科	同星珊瑚属		多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora		+				+	+
未定类群		未定	小星珊瑚属		白斑小星珊瑚 Leptastrea pruinosa						+
未定类群		未定	小星珊瑚属		紫小星珊瑚 Leptastrea purpurea						+	+
总计		15	33		104	19	45	29		19	55	49

Tab. 2

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站点	分布水深/m	样带布设水深/m	活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率/%	造礁石珊瑚物种数	优势种	优势种占活珊瑚覆盖率比例/%	生长类型
C1	1.0~5.0	2	8.67	11	澄黄滨珊瑚 Porites lutea	26.92	团块状(massive)
C1	1.0~5.0	4	12.00	13	斯氏伯孔珊瑚 Bernardpora stutchburyi	26.39	皮壳状(encrusting)
C2	0.5~3.5	2	17.17	17	斯氏伯孔珊瑚 Bernardpora stutchburyi	32.04	皮壳状(encrusting)
C3	0.5~3.5	2	9.00	12	十字牡丹珊瑚 Pavona decussata	16.67	指状(digitate)
C4	0.5~3.5	2	25.50	14	粗糙腔星珊瑚 Coelastrea aspera	30.07	团块状(massive)
C5	0.5~6.5	2	48.67	21	角孔珊瑚 Goniopora sp.	30.48	皮壳状(encrusting)
C5	0.5~6.5	4	35.00	26	多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora	33.81	团块状(massive)
C6	1.5~7.0	2	14.83	15	斯托科斯角孔珊瑚 Goniopora stokesi	20.22	柱状(columnar)
C7	0.5~9.0	2	27.50	17	多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora	17.58	团块状(massive)
C7	0.5~9.0	4	20.00	18	多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora	37.50	团块状(massive)
C8	0.5~5.0	2	16.33	14	盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea sp.	28.57	团块状(massive)
C8	0.5~5.0	4	13.50	11	多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora	50.62	团块状(massive)
C9	0.5~4.0	2	22.67	13	多孔同星珊瑚 Plesiastrea versipora	28.68	团块状(massive)
C10	0.5~3.0	2	18.00	16	大盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea maxima	25.00	团块状(massive)
C11	0.5~5.0	2	5.67	10	板叶角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites complanata	38.24	团块状(massive)
C11	0.5~5.0	4	18.17	12	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚 Favites abdita	54.13	团块状(massive)
C12	0.5~3.5	2	6.00	9	海洋盘星珊瑚 Dipsastraea maritima	33.33	团块状(massive)
C13	0.5~6.0	2	16.67	13	澄黄滨珊瑚 Porites lutea	23.00	团块状(massive)
C13	0.5~6.0	4	20.50	13	紫小星珊瑚 Leptastrea purpurea	33.33	皮壳状(encrusting)
C14	0.5~1.5	0.8	5.17	10	斯托科斯角孔珊瑚 Goniopora stokesi	25.81	柱状(columnar)

Community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental impact factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao, Lingao, Hainan

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