珠江磨刀门河口水位分布演变特征及其对人类活动的响应*

doi:10.11978/2021072

Abstract

Abstract:

The water level in the estuary area is affected by many factors, such as runoff, tide and topography, resulting in a complex pattern in spatial morphology. Understanding the evolution characteristics of water level distribution is essential for sustainable water resources managements in estuaries. In this study, we use the residual water level data from six gauge stations (Makou, Ganzhu, Jiangmen, Zhuyin, Denglongshan, and Sanzao stations) along the Modaomen estuary of the Pearl River during 1965 to 2016, together with the monthly averaged river discharge data from the Makou hydrological station during the corresponding period. With a bivariate variable linear regression model, we quantitatively identify the influence of human activities on water surface profile dynamics, and attempt to understand the coupling relationship among human activity, dynamic structure and morphological change. The results show that the bulk parameters displaying the shape of water level profile (i.e., curvature) can well indicate the trends of erosion and deposition of river bed, with the positive curvature indicating sedimentation tendency and the negative curvature indicating erosion tendency. In the central part of the Modaomen estuary, such as the Jiangmen-Ganzhu reach, there exists an area where the water level slope is considerably reduced, especially during the dry season when the water level slope even fluctuates negatively in the landward direction. The river-bed deepening caused by human activities such as land reclamation, sand excavation and river dredging are the main reason for the alteration in spatial dynamics of the water surface profiles in the Modaomen estuary. We show that the river-bed deepening causes the water level curvature of the seaward reach (Sanzao to Zhuyin reach) and the upper reach (Ganzhu to Makou reach) decreasing by 0.41×10^-4 m·km^-2 and 1.04×10^-4 m·km^-2, respectively, while the central reach of the estuary (Zhuyin to Ganzhu reach) increasing by 0.21×10^-4 m·km^-2; the water surface shape changes from concave (C>0) - convex (C<0) - concave to convex - concave - convex, and the trends of erosion and deposition of river bed are also adjusted accordingly.

Key words: water level profile dynamics, residual water level curvature, intensive human activities, tendencies of erosion and deposition

CLC Number:

P731.23

MA Yuting, CAI Huayang, YANG Hao, LIU Feng, CHEN Ou, XIE Rongyao, OU Suying, YANG Qingshu. Evolution of water level profile dynamics in the Modaomen estuary of the Pearl River and its responses to human activities*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(2): 52-64.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 26

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站点	缓变阶段					调整阶段
站点	α₁	α₂	β	RMSE	R²	RMSE	R²
马口	2.78×10^-4	0.33	-0.29	0.38	0.94	0.22	0.93
甘竹	1.57×10^-4	0.61	-0.10	0.26	0.91	0.08	0.97
江门	1.14×10^-4	0.67	0.09	0.21	0.89	0.09	0.95
竹银	0.46×10^-4	0.83	0.03	0.07	0.94	0.05	0.93
灯笼山	0.19×10^-4	0.86	0.03	0.04	0.92	0.03	0.94

		三灶—灯笼山	灯笼山—竹银	竹银—江门	江门—甘竹	甘竹—马口
余水位/m	△_TOT	-0.029	-0.070	-0.292	-0.461	-0.634
	△_GEO	-0.015	-0.036	-0.219	-0.341	-0.450
	△_BOU	-0.015	-0.034	-0.073	-0.119	-0.185
余水位坡降/(×10^-2m·km^-1)	△_TOT	-0.198	-0.245	-1.039	0.001	-0.876
	△_GEO	-0.131	-0.125	-0.880	0.169	-0.669
	△_BOU	-0.068	-0.120	-0.160	-0.167	-0.207
余水位曲率/(×10^-4m·km^-2)	△_TOT	-0.137	-0.882	0.230	0.187	-1.122
	△_GEO	-0.064	-0.755	0.286	0.157	-1.044
	△_BOU	-0.098	-0.121	-0.062	-0.007	-0.058

年份	河段	平均水深变化/m	实测冲淤变化	曲率/(×10^-4m·km^-2)	动力反演冲淤趋势
1962—1977	三灶至灯笼山	/	/	0.66	淤积
	灯笼山至竹银	-0.10	淤积	1.23	淤积
	竹银至百顷头	-0.25	淤积	0.26	淤积
	百顷头至甘竹	0.11	侵蚀下切	-1.24	冲刷
	甘竹至马口	0.22	侵蚀下切	1.30	淤积
1977—1999	三灶至灯笼山	/	/	-0.01	冲刷
	灯笼山至竹银	0.21	侵蚀下切	0.75	淤积
	竹银至百顷头	0.40	侵蚀下切	0.15	淤积
	百顷头至甘竹	0.23	侵蚀下切	-1.47	冲刷
	甘竹至马口	-0.04	微淤	1.71	淤积
1999—2005	三灶至灯笼山	/	/	-0.28	冲刷
	灯笼山至竹银	-0.06	微淤	0.04	淤积
	竹银至百顷头	0.25	侵蚀下切	-0.01	冲刷
	百顷头至甘竹	0.46	侵蚀下切	-0.26	冲刷
	甘竹至马口	1.06	侵蚀下切	0.89	淤积
2005—2013	三灶至灯笼山	/	/	0.53	淤积
	灯笼山至竹银	0.72	侵蚀下切	-0.26	冲刷
	竹银至百顷头	0.80	侵蚀下切	-0.20	冲刷
	百顷头至甘竹	-0.02	微淤	0.11	淤积
	甘竹至马口	0.31	侵蚀下切	-0.01	冲刷

Evolution of water level profile dynamics in the Modaomen estuary of the Pearl River and its responses to human activities*

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