南海东北部陆坡区中上层浮游动物的垂直分布*

doi:10.11978/2020061

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the vertically stratified sampling of zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) in March and September 2016, the seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, and biomass were analyzed and compared to explore the factors affecting their differences. A total of 225 species of zooplankton was identified; 150 species appeared in March, and 169 species, in September. There were 132 species of copepods, followed by 18 species of chaetognaths and siphonophores, respectively. The number of zooplankton species was the highest in the 50 ~ 100 m water layer and generally decreased with the increase of water depth. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were mainly concentrated in the range of 0 ~ 100 m, and both of them decreased with the increase of depth in the deeper water layer. However, above 60% of the biomass concentrated within the layers between 100 and 1000 m. The abundance of dominant species had obvious seasonal and vertical variation. In March, the abundance of coastal species such as Undinula vulgaris and Canthocalanus pauper was higher above the depth of 100 m. In September, the abundance of oceanic species such as Cosmocalanus darwinii and Lucicutia flavicornis was high in the upper layer of 100 m. Calanoides carinatus showed higher abundance and average body length in March than in September, and the larger body length appeared mainly in deep layers. The zooplankton community could be divided into three groups of 0 ~ 100 m, 100 ~ 400 m, and 400 ~ 1000 m, which was mainly caused by the differences in the composition and abundance of different water layers. Zooplankton abundance and biomass were significantly positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. The seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass were driven by monsoon, coastal currents, and mesoscale eddies in the continental slope of the northeastern SCS.

Key words: zooplankton, copepods, vertical distribution, continental slope, northeastern South China Sea

CLC Number:

P735.13

LI Kaizhi, REN Yuzheng, KE Zhixin, LI Gang, TAN Yehui. Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(2): 61-73.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 45

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类群	3月种数	9月种数	合计	百分比/%
水螅水母类Hydromedusae	2	4	4	1.78
管水母类Siphonophores	7	15	18	8.00
栉水母类Ctenophores	0	1	1	0.44
浮游翼足类Pteropods	3	2	5	2.22
浮游异足类Heteropods	0	1	1	0.44
介形类Ostracods	10	12	17	7.56
哲水蚤类Calanoids	75	69	97	43.11
剑水蚤类Cyclopoids	24	22	31	13.78
猛水蚤类Harpacticoids	2	4	4	1.78
端足类Amphipods	2	5	7	3.11
磷虾类Euphausiacea	3	7	7	3.11
十足类Decapods	1	2	2	0.89
毛颚类Chaetognaths	12	15	18	8.00
有尾类Appendicularians	2	2	2	0.89
全肌目类Doliolids	1	2	2	0.89
半肌目类Salps	1	1	2	0.89
火体虫类Pyrosomatids	1	0	1	0.44
浮游幼虫Meroplankton	4	5	6	2.67
合计	150	169	225	100

优势种	3月优势度	9月优势度
隆线似哲水蚤Calanoides carinatus	0.037	0.023
微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper	0.018	0.004
达氏筛哲水蚤Cosmocalanus darwinii	0.000	0.026
黄角光水蚤Lucicutia flavicornis	0.001	0.028
痩乳点水蚤Pleuromamma gracilis	0.004	0.029
普通波水蚤Undinula vulgaris	0.087	0.003
中隆水蚤Oncaea media	0.019	0.033
丽隆水蚤Oncaea venusta	0.003	0.035

变量	丰度/(个·m^-3)		生物量/( mg·m^-3)
变量	3月	9月	3月	9月
温度/℃	0.855^*	0.867^*	0.841^*	0.909^***
盐度/‰	0.834^*	0.302^n.s.	0.833^*	0.056^n.s.
叶绿素a质量浓度/(mg·m^-3)	0.877^*	0.757^*	0.931^***	0.790^*

Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea^*

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Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea*

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Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea^*