广东省南澳岛东部海域浮游动物群落结构及其影响因素

doi:10.11978/2019051

Abstract

Abstract:

Nan’ao Island in Shantou, Guangdong Province is one of the important marine aquaculture bases in eastern Guangdong. Zooplankton is of great significance for assessing the quality of the ecological environment. Based on the sampling of zooplankton in the eastern waters of Nan’ao Island in September 2014 (autumn), December (winter), April 2015 (spring), and July 2016 (summer), the community structure of zooplankton and the influence of environmental factors on their spatial and temporal distribution were analyzed. A total of 206 species of zooplankton (including planktonic larvae) were identified, of which the number of copepods was the highest, reaching 94 species. The number of zooplankton species in the inshore waters was higher than that in the offshore waters. Seasonal variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass were characterized by high values in summer and autumn and low values in winter and spring. The distributions of zooplankton abundance and biomass were consistent. In summer, the high value area of biomass and abundance occurred mainly in the inshore region, and in autumn biomass and abundance increased from inshore region to offshore region. The abundance of different groups and dominant species changed seasonally. Copepod was the group with higher abundance during the survey. The abundance of jellyfish and salps increased significantly in autumn. Euconchoecia maimai and Euconchoecia aculeata were dominant in summer, and Doliolum denticulatum was dominant in autumn. Temperature, salinity, and phytoplankton biomass were the main environmental factors driving the spatial and temporal changes of zooplankton in the eastern waters of Nan’ao Island, indicating that the zooplankton community was affected by physical processes and aquaculture activities.

Key words: zooplankton, community structure, seasonal variations, spatial distribution, Nan’ao Island;

CLC Number:

P735.532

Yuzheng REN, Zhixin KE, Yehui TAN, Kaizhi LI. Community structure of zooplankton and its influencing factors in the eastern waters of Nan’ao Island, Guangdong[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(2): 65-76.

Figures/Tables 14

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32	w

类群	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	合计	百分比/%
水螅水母类 Hydrozoa	11	2	18	4	23	11.17
管水母类 Siphonophorae	6	5	8	5	11	5.34
栉水母类 Ctenophores	1	1	2	1	2	0.97
浮游多毛类 Polychaeta	0	2	3	0	5	2.43
浮游软体类 Mollusca	0	2	4	1	4	1.94
枝角类 Cladocera	2	2	2	1	2	0.97
介形类 Ostracoda	4	4	5	4	8	3.88
桡足类Copepoda	63	57	55	54	94	45.63
糠虾类 Mysids	1	0	1	6	2	0.97
端足类 Amphipods	7	6	4	0	11	5.34
磷虾类 Euphaussids	1	1	2	5	6	2.91
十足类 Decapoda	2	2	2	1	2	0.97
毛颚类 Chaetognatha	13	14	10	11	16	7.77
有尾类 Appendicularia	3	2	4	2	4	1.94
海樽类 Salps	2	2	2	1	2	0.97
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	11	11	13	9	14	6.80
合计	127	113	135	105	206	100

类群	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
水螅水母类 Hydrozoa	1.60±2.18	0.60±1.16	10.76±5.67	0.43±0.61
管水母类 Siphonophorae	1.21±1.57	9.24±1 0.60	42.53±55.16	0.37± 0.63
栉水母类 Ctenophores	/	0.36±0.80	16.42±39.80	0.01±0.05
浮游多毛类 Polychaeta	/	0.52±1.13	0.34±0.77	/
浮游软体类 Mollusca	0.01±0.05	2.43±3.32	3.68±4.39	0.02±0.06
枝角类 Cladocera	0.04±0.10	1.25±2.45	19.44±19.78	0.10±0.38
介形类 Ostracoda	0.32±0.93	79.32±109.19	1.37±2.51	1.39±1.58
桡足类 Copepod	16.78±9.51	156.65±96.11	150.19±137.25	74.58±146.28
糠虾类 Mysids	0.03±0.11	/	0.19±0.70	/
端足类 Amphipods	0.52±0.82	3.75±3.53	2.55±4.99	0.38±0.62
磷虾类 Euphaussids	0.86±0.83	2.44±1.93	2.49±2.16	0.92±0.93
十足类 Decapoda	1.20±1.93	26.48±34.15	8.52±7.24	0.10±0.22
毛颚类 Chaetognatha	14.29±12.07	31.21±24.30	20.82±18.47	3.37±2.59
有尾类 Appendicularians	4.32±9.06	0.71±1.10	12.61±11.59	0.02±0.06
海樽类 Salps	0.11±0.28	1.61±2.14	83.30±106.38	0.19±0.53
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	10.24±3.97	55.38±54.21	50.17±28.42	3.15±4.23

种类	春季		夏季		秋季		冬季
种类	丰度/(个·m^-3)	优势度	丰度/(个·m^-3)	优势度	丰度/(个·m^-3)	优势度	丰度/(个·m^-3)	优势度
球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa	-	-	-	-	16.2±39.9	0.03	-	-
双生水母 Diphyes chamissonis	-	-	-	-	20.1±33.5	0.04	-	-
细浅室水母 Lensia subtilis	-	-	-	-	9.3±16.4	0.02	-	-
鸟喙尖头溞 Penilia avirostris	-	-	-	-	19.0±19.1	0.04	-	-
针刺真浮萤 Euconchoecia aculeata	-	-	33.1±50.5	0.07	-	-	-	-
后圆真浮萤 Euconchoecia maimai	-	-	45.5±58.3	0.10	-	-	-	-
锥形宽水蚤 Temora turbinata	-	-	16.2±24.6	0.04	32.7±58.3	0.08	-	-
小拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus parvus	1.3±1.0	0.02	11.7±13.3	0.03	-	-	5.8±11.5	0.06
精致真刺水蚤 Euchaeta concinna	2.5±2.8	0.03	-	-	-	-	6.6±4.7	0.07
瘦拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus gracilis	-	-	11.4±17.0	0.02	-	-	4.9±12.0	0.03
微刺哲水蚤 Canthocalanus pauper	-	-	-	-	47.8±81.9	0.12	3.2±5.1	0.02
中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8±2.8	0.02
奥氏胸刺水蚤 Centropages orsinii	1.5±1.9	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-
异尾宽水蚤 Temora discaudata	1.6±2.0	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-
红纺锤水蚤 Acartia erythraea	-	-	47.9±50.4	0.12	-	-	-	-
钳形歪水蚤 Tortanus forcipatus	-	-	11.0±10.8	0.02	-	-	-	-
中型莹虾 Lucifer intermedius	-	-	26.5±38.5	0.06	-	-	-	-
肥胖软箭虫 Flaccisagitta enflata	-	-	17.9±18.6	0.04	13.1±15.9	0.02	-	-
百陶带箭虫 Zonosagitta bedoti	6.4±10.0	0.09	-	-	-	-	-	-
红住囊虫 Oikopleura rufescens	1.4±3.1	0.02	-	-	7.7±6.3	0.02	-	-
长尾住囊虫 Oikopleura longicauda	1.7±2.7	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	-
小齿海樽 Doliolum denticulatum	-	-	-	-	78.5±105.4	0.17	-	-
长尾类幼虫 Macrura larvae	4.3±2.2	0.08	17.4±16.2	0.05	21.7±17.5	0.05	1.5±1.9	0.02

	温度/℃	盐度/‰	叶绿素a浓度/(mg·m^-3)	透明度/m
丰度	0.47^**	-0.21	0.26	0.18
生物量	0.41^**	0.08	0.02	0.35^**
多样性指数	0.73^**	0.40^**	0.34^*	0.37^**
均匀度指数	0.68^**	0.42^**	0.30^*	0.43^**

海域	调查时间/(年.月)	网目孔径/μm	桡足类种数	总丰度 /(个·m^-3)	总生物量 /(mg·m^-3)	多样性指数	均匀度	文献来源
Mediterranean Coast	1984.01—1985.12	200	30	1.5×10³	-	3.25	0.56	Siokou等(1998)
Little Bay	1995.10—1996.07	90	-	2.4×10⁴	-	1.47	0.44	Jamet等(2001)
La Garonne Bay	1995.10—1996.07	90	-	3.3×10³	-	2.19	0.65	Jamet等(2001)
Niel Bay	1995.10—1996.07	90	-	2.5×10³	-	2.13	0.69	Jamet等(2001)
柘林湾	2000.07—2001.07	200	57	6.8×10³	115.7	2.43	0.72	姜胜等(2002)
柘林湾	2001.04—2002.04	169	60	1.5×10⁴	227.8	2.49	0.69	黄长江等(2003)
东山湾	2007.03—2007.11	505	37	982.30	163.2	3.01	0.70	郑惠东(2009)
南澳岛北部海域	2011.04—2012.02	505	52	144.67	98.67	2.80	0.75	王亮根等(2016)
诏安湾及毗邻海域	2015.08—2015.10	505	54	421.00	144.5	2.80	-	戴红等(2018)
南澳岛东部海域	2014.09—2016.07	505	94	233.48	94.8	3.51	0.67	本文

Community structure of zooplankton and its influencing factors in the eastern waters of Nan’ao Island, Guangdong

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[13]	LI Kaizhi, KE Zhixin, WANG Junxing, TAN Yehui. Preliminary study on the community structure of zooplankton in coral reef waters of Xisha Islands* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(2): 121-131.
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