南澳岛周边海域表层海水营养盐分布及富营养化特征

doi:10.11978/2024120

Abstract

Abstract:

The key environmental factors (nutrients, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc.) and eutrophication indexes were investigated in the surface water around the Nan’ao Island in 2022. The seasonal change of nutrients concentration was significant, which gradually declined from northwest to southeast in the surrounding region of the island. The nutrients concentration was significantly higher in winter than in other seasons. During summer, the nutrients concentration was high near the Qin’ao Bay, which possibly originated from the discharge of domestic wastewater. The highest dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was found near the estuary of the Rongjiang River and the highest dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was found near a net cage aquaculture zone in the Zhelin Bay. This phenomenon suggested that the river input increased the nitrogen loading and the cage aquaculture increased the phosphorus loading in this region. The seawater showed high Chl a and low nutrients in summer, suggesting the strong bio-assimilation effect of phytoplankton on the nutrients. The structure of nutrients was generally balanced, and no absolute limitation was detected for nitrogen, phosphorus or silicate. Nitrogen nutrients were relatively limited in the offshore region in autumn. According to the eutrophication index (EI), nutrient quality index (NQI) and trophic index (TRIX), the highest eutrophic status was generally located in the Zhelin Bay and the Rongjiang River estuary. However, the region near the Qing’ao Bay showed high eutrophic status in summer. With the rapid development of tourism, the influence of domestic wastewater should be paid more attention to in the Nan’ao Island. The eutrophication indices showed a significantly positive correlation with DIN and a negative correlation with salinity. River discharge should be the main reason for water eutrophication in this region. The eutrophic status could be much underestimated using the EI index for waters with low nutrients and high chlorophyll during summer. The results contribute to a better understanding of the water quality status around the Nan’ao Island and provide basic data for environment management and marine resource utilization.

Key words: Nan’ao Island, water quality assessment, nutrients, eutrophication, trophic index (TRIX)

CLC Number:

P761.4

HUANG Haochen, KE Zhixin, ZHOU Zhixi, ZHOU Weihua. Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication characteristics in the surface water around Nan’ao Island[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(2): 196-207.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

References 46

[1]	陈丹婷, 柯志新, 谭烨辉, 等, 2020. 汕头南澳—东山海域营养盐季节分布特征及其对浮游植物生长的潜在性限制[J]. 生态科学, 39(4): 41-50.
	CHEN DANTING, KE ZHIXIN, TAN YEHUI, et al, 2020. Seasonal distribution of nutrients concentrations and the potential limitation for phytoplankton growth in the coastal region of Nan’ao-Dongshan[J]. Ecological Science, 39(4): 41-50 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	郭康丽, 龙超, 党二莎, 等, 2022. 珠海市近岸海域水质状况与富营养化评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 41(2): 222-229.
	GUO KANGLI, LONG CHAO, DANG ERSHA, et al, 2022. Assessment of water quality and eutrophication in the coastal area of Zhuhai city[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 41(2): 222-229 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	国家环境保护局, 1997. 海水水质标准: GB 3097-1997[S/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/shjbh/shjzlbz/199807/t19980701_66499.shtml, [2024-12-20].
	NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 1997. Sea water quality standard: GB 3097-1997[S/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/shjbh/shjzlbz/199807/t19980701_66499.Shtml, [2024-12-20](in Chinese).
[4]	洪启明, 李立, 1991. 粤东陆架区夏季的上升流[J]. 台湾海峡, 10(3): 271-277.
	HONG QIMING, LI LI, 1991. A study of upwelling over continental shelf off eastern Guangdong[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 10(3): 271-277 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	柯志新, 陈丹婷, 谭烨辉, 等, 2019. 汕头南澳-东山海域初级生产力的时空特征[J]. 中国水产科学, 26(1): 44-52.
	KE ZHIXIN, CHEN DANTING, TAN YEHUI, et al, 2019. Temporal and spatial variations in primary production in the coastal region of Dongshan-Nan’ao[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 26(1): 44-52 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	李妙聪, 刘文胜, 江锦花, 2021. 乐清湾海水养殖环境水质质量时空变化及富营养化状况评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 40(5): 724-731.
	LI MIAOCONG, LIU WENSHENG, JIANG JINHUA, 2021. Analysis of spatial-temporal variation and nutritional status of environmental quality in the mariculture zone at the Yueqing bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 40(5): 724-731 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	李赛赛, 裴绍峰, 赵俐红, 等, 2024. 杭州湾及其邻近海域夏季营养盐污染与富营养化评价[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 40(6): 39-52.
	LI SAISAI, PEI SHAOFENG, ZHAO LIHONG, et al, 2024. Assessment of nutrient pollution and eutrophication in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in summer[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 40(6): 39-52 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	林荣根, 1996. 海水富营养化水平评价方法浅析[J]. 海洋环境科学, 15(2): 28-31.
	LIN RONGGEN, 1996. Review of the assessing methods for coastal eutrophication[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 15(2): 28-31 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	林温迪, 2023. 南澳岛旅游经济发展问题与对策研究[J]. 中国集体经济, (2): 133-136 (in Chinese).
[10]	林晓娟, 高姗, 仉天宇, 等, 2018. 海水富营养化评价方法的研究进展与应用现状[J]. 地球科学进展, 33(4): 373-384. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.04.0373
	LIN XIAOJUAN, GAO SHAN, ZHANG TIANYU, et al, 2018. Researching progress and application status of eutrophication evaluation method of seawater[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 33(4): 373-384 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.04.0373
[11]	林小涛, 晏荣军, 黄长江, 2006. 粤东大规模养殖区柘林湾细菌的分布与环境因素关系[J]. 海洋学报, 28(3): 167-172.
	LIN XIAOTAO, YAN RONGJUN, HUANG CHANGJIANG, 2006. Distribution of bacteria and environmental factors in the large-scale mariculture area of Zhelin Bay in East Guangdong, China[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 28(3): 167-172 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	刘陈, 魏南, 王庆, 等, 2019. 广东汕头南澳岛近岸海域浮游植物群落结构与环境特征[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 25(5): 1091-1098.
	LIU CHEN, WEI NAN, WANG QING, et al, 2019. Phytoplankton community and environmental characteristics in the coastal waters of Nan’ao Island, Shantou, Guangdong[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 25(5): 1091-1098 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]	柳原, 柯志新, 李开枝, 等, 2024. 人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 43(4): 98-111.
	LIU YUAN, KE ZHIXIN, LI KAIZHI, et al, 2024. Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 43(4): 98-111 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]	南澳县人民政府, 2022. 汕头南澳: 北回归线上“蚝”丰收[EB/OL]. 南澳县人民政府门户网站, http://www.nanao.gov.cn/na/hddt/content/post_2126097.Html, [2024-5-7]
[15]	彭璇, 马胜伟, 陈海刚, 等, 2014. 夏季柘林湾-南澳岛海洋牧场营养盐的空间分布及其评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 10(6): 27-35.
	PENG XUAN, MA SHENGWEI, CHEN HAIGANG, et al, 2014. Spatial distribution and assessment of nutrients in marine ranching in Zhelin Bay-Nan’ao Island in summer[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 10(6): 27-35 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	舒业强, 王强, 俎婷婷, 2018. 南海北部陆架陆坡流系研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 48(3): 276-287.
	SHU YEQIANG, WANG QIANG, ZU TINGTING, 2018. Progress on shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea[J]. Scientia China: Earth Sciences, 48(3): 276-287 (in Chinese).
[17]	王翠, 郭晓峰, 方婧, 等, 2018. 闽浙沿岸流扩展范围的季节特征及其对典型海湾的影响[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 37(1): 1-8.
	WANG CUI, GUO XIAOFENG, FANG JING, et al, 2018. Characteristics of seasonal spatial expansion of Fujian and Zhejiang Coastal Current and their bay effects[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 37(1): 1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]	王焕松, 雷坤, 李子成, 等, 2010. 辽东湾海域水体富营养化的模糊综合评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 23(4): 413-419.
	WANG HUANSONG, LEI KUN, LI ZICHENG, et al, 2010. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water eutrophication in Liaodong Bay[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 23(4): 413-419 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]	吴鹏, 刘永, 肖雅元, 等, 2022. 春季珠江口万山群岛毗邻海域渔业生态环境状况评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 18(5): 1-8.
	WU PENG, LIU YONG, XIAO YAYUAN, et al, 2022. Evaluation of fisheries ecological environment in adjacent sea areas of Wanshan Archipelago in Pearl River Estuary in spring[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 18(5): 1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]	许金电, 蔡尚湛, 宣莉莉, 等, 2014. 粤东至闽南沿岸海域夏季上升流的调查研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 33(2): 1-9. doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.02.001
	XU JINDIAN, CAI SHANGZHAN, XUAN LILI, et al, 2014. Observational study on summertime upwelling in coastal seas between eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 33(2): 1-9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]	杨红生, 茹小尚, 张立斌, 等, 2019. 海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展: 理念与展望[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 34(6): 700-707.
	YANG HONGSHENG, RU XIAOSHANG, ZHANG LIBIN, et al, 2019. Industrial convergence of marine ranching and offshore wind power: concept and prospect[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 34(6): 700-707 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]	杨宇峰, 罗洪添, 王庆, 等, 2021. 大型海藻规模栽培是增加海洋碳汇和解决近海环境问题的有效途径[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 36(3): 259-269.
	YANG YUFENG, LUO HONGTIAN, WANG QING, et al, 2021. Large-scale cultivation of seaweed is effective approach to increase marine carbon sequestration and solve coastal environmental problems[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 36(3): 259-269 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]	张彩云, 商少凌, 陈德文, 等, 2005. 冬季浙闽沿岸水分布的短期变动与风的关系初探[J]. 遥感学报, 9(4): 452-458.
	ZHANG CAIYUN, SHANG SHAOLING, CHEN DEWEN, et al, 2005. Short-term variability of the distribution of Zhe-Min coastal water and wind forcing during winter monsoon in the Taiwan Strait[J]. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 9(4): 452-458 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]	中华人民共和国环境保护部, 2008. 近岸海域环境监测规范: HJ 442-2008[S/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/200811/t20081111_131115.htm, [2024-12-20].
	MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2008. Specification for offshore environmental monitoring:[S/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/200811/t20081111_131115.htm, [2024-12-20](in Chinese).
[25]	周凯, 黄长江, 姜胜, 等, 2002. 2000-2001年柘林湾浮游植物群落结构及数量变动的周年调查[J]. 生态学报, 22(5): 688-698.
	ZHOU KAI, HUANG CHANGJIANG, JIANG SHENG, et al, 2002. Annual dynamics of phytoplankton in Zhelin Bay: 2000-2001[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 22(5): 688-698 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]	邹景忠, 董丽萍, 秦保平, 1983. 渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2(2): 41-54 (in Chinese).
[27]	ANTHONY A, ATWOOD J, AUGUST P V, et al, 2009. Coastal lagoons and climate change: ecological and social ramifications in the U. S. Atlantic and Gulf coast ecosystems[J]. Ecology and Society, 14(1): 8.
[28]	BORJA A, BRICKER S B, DAUER D M, et al, 2008. Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(9): 1519-1537. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.005 pmid: 18715596
[29]	CLOERN J E, ABREU P C, CARSTENSEN J, et al, 2016. Human activities and climate variability drive fast-paced change across the world’s estuarine-coastal ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology, 22(2): 513-529.
[30]	DAI MINHAN, ZHAO YANGYANG, CHAI FEI, et al, 2023. Persistent eutrophication and hypoxia in the coastal ocean[J]. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures, 1: e19.
[31]	DEVLIN M, BRICKER S, PAINTING S, 2011. Comparison of five methods for assessing impacts of nutrient enrichment using estuarine case studies[J]. Biogeochemistry, 106(2): 177-205.
[32]	GLIBERT P M, SEITZINGER S, HEIL C A, et al, 2005. The role of eutrophication in the global proliferation of harmful algal blooms[J]. Oceanography, 18(2): 198-209.
[33]	GOGOI P, DAS S K, JANA C, et al, 2024. Assessing the trophic status of a tropical microtidal estuary applying TRIX and Random Forest - a combined approach[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 200: 116126.
[34]	JIANG ZHIBING, DU PING, LIAO YIBO, et al, 2019. Oyster farming control on phytoplankton bloom promoted by thermal discharge from a power plant in a eutrophic, semi-enclosed bay[J]. Water Research, 159: 1-9. doi: S0043-1354(19)30331-8 pmid: 31075499
[35]	KE S, ZHANG P, OU S, et al, 2022. Spatiotemporal nutrient patterns, composition, and implications for eutrophication mitigation in the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 266: 107749.
[36]	KE Z, TAN Y, HUANG L, et al, 2012. Relationship between phytoplankton composition and environmental factors in the surface waters of southern South China Sea in early summer of 2009[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 31(3): 109-119.
[37]	LAI J, JIANG F, KE K, et al, 2014. Nutrients distribution and trophic status assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 32(5): 1128-1144.
[38]	MORALES-OJEDA S M, HERRERA-SILVEIRA J A, MONTERO J, 2010. Terrestrial and oceanic influence on spatial hydrochemistry and trophic status in subtropical marine near-shore waters[J]. Water Research, 44(20): 5949-5964.
[39]	PENNA N, CAPELLACCI S, RICCI F, 2004. The influence of the Po River discharge on phytoplankton bloom dynamics along the coastline of Pesaro (Italy) in the Adriatic Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(3-4): 321-326. pmid: 14972584
[40]	RODRIGUES R V, PATIL J S, ANIL A C, 2022. Dinoflagellates cyst assemblage concerning trophic index for eutrophication from major ports along the west coast of India[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 176: 113423.
[41]	TAN I, ATABAY H, EVCEN A, et al, 2023. Integrated assessment of eutrophication in the southern Black Sea waters, using the Nested Environmental Status Assessment Tool[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 195: 115424.
[42]	UDDIN M G, NASH S, RAHMAN A, et al, 2022. A comprehensive method for improvement of water quality index (WQI) models for coastal water quality assessment[J]. Water Research, 219: 118532.
[43]	VALIELA I, FOREMAN K, LAMONTAGNE M, et al, 1992. Couplings of watersheds and coastal waters: sources and consequences of nutrient enrichment in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts[J]. Estuaries, 15(4): 443-457.
[44]	VOLLENWEIDER R A, GIOVANARDI F, MONTANARI G, et al, 1998. Characterization of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale, turbidity and generalized water quality index[J]. Environmetrics, 9(3): 329-357.
[45]	WEI Y, CUI Z, SHI Y, et al, 2023. Contrasting currents drive geographic variability in the biomass of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), zooplankton, and phytoplankton in the northwestern Pacific[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 217: 103099.
[46]	WU K, XIU B, CUI D, et al, 2024. Composition and distribution of nutrients and environmental capacity in Dapeng Bay, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 206: 116689.

因子或指数	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
温度/℃	23.38 ± 0.46^c	27.07 ± 1.99^a	25.85 ± 0.28^b	17.00 ± 0.21^d
盐度/‰	31.71 ± 0.46^a	31.42 ± 2.63^a	32.67 ± 1.77^a	30.78 ± 2.40^a
DIN/(mg·L^-1)	0.10 ± 0.09^b	0.08 ± 0.06^b	0.17 ± 0.10^b	0.49 ± 0.26^a
DIP/(mg·L^-1)	0.014 ± 0.016^bc	0.011 ± 0.009^c	0.030 ± 0.013^b	0.050 ± 0.020^a
DSi/(mg·L^-1)	0.44 ± 0.28^b	0.77 ± 0.52^ab	0.88 ± 0.36^ab	1.06 ± 0.47^a
DIN/DIP	20.42 ± 15.97^a	21.41 ± 11.80^a	12.08 ± 3.77^a	21.22 ± 6.58^a
Chl a/(μg·L^-1)	2.55 ± 2.24^b	7.05 ± 4.94^a	1.44 ± 0.84^b	1.53 ± 0.43^b
COD/(mg·L^-1)	0.96 ± 0.25^b	1.57 ± 0.26^a	0.68 ± 0.33^b	0.89 ± 0.28^b
DO/(mg·L^-1)	7.15 ± 0.74^bc	7.79 ± 0.71^ab	7.00 ± 0.67^c	8.07 ± 0.16^a
EI指数	0.51 ± 0.76^b	0.37 ± 0.48^b	0.98 ± 1.06^b	6.34 ± 7.32^a
NQI指数	1.65 ± 0.90^b	2.57 ± 1.00^b	2.10 ± 0.81^b	3.88 ± 1.47^a
TRIX指数	4.43 ± 0.89^a	5.08 ± 0.33^a	4.91 ± 0.70^a	4.87 ± 0.47^a

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication characteristics in the surface water around Nan’ao Island

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 46

Related Articles 10

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	ZHOU Zhixi, TANG Huijuan, KE Zhixin, LIU Jiaxing, ZHOU Weihua. Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the spring coastal region of Nan’ao based on morphology and high-throughput sequencing [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 53-65.
[2]	INYANG Aniefiok Ini, ZHOU Yueyue, WANG Youshao. Characteristics of water quality and their eutrophication assessment on the mangrove ecosystems along the Guangdong coast [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(6): 1-11.
[3]	ZHANG Liming, TAN Yehui, LI Jiajun, HUANG Xiaoping, LIU Jiaxing. Characteristics of the phytoplankton community and its response to Dan’ao River input in Daya Bay in summer* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(5): 43-54.
[4]	Yuzheng REN, Zhixin KE, Yehui TAN, Kaizhi LI. Community structure of zooplankton and its influencing factors in the eastern waters of Nan’ao Island, Guangdong [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(2): 65-76.
[5]	Fuwu XIE, Xingyu SONG, Yehui TAN, Meiting TAN, Yadong HUANG, Huaxue LIU. Impact of simulated warming and nutrients input on plankton community metabolism in Daya Bay^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(2): 48-57.
[6]	Guofeng XU, Yongping CUI, Lian LIU. Assessment of eutrophication status by using the Pressure-Status-Response Model in Xiangshan Bay, China [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(4): 52-60.
[7]	Fuwu XIE, Huaxue LIU, Honghui HUANG, Xingyu SONG. Effects of thermal discharge and nutrients input on size structure of phytoplankton in Daya Bay [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 55-64.
[8]	CHEN Jin, LU Ping, CHEN Zhong-ying, YAN Hui-hua, LI Lai-sheng. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus at Daya Bay in Huizhou during spring and summer [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(2): 109-114.
[9]	ZHOU Yi-chun, PENG Peng-fei, HU Chao-qun, ZHONG Ming, CHEN Yan-feng, ZHAO Zhe, XIA Jian-jun. Analysis of nutritional value and observation of biological characteristics in microalga Amphora sp. as food for sea cucumber Stichopus horrens [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2013, 32(3): 59-64.
[10]	HUANG Xiao-ping,TIAN Lei,PENG Bo,ZHANG Da-wen. Environmental pollution in the Pearl River Estuary: a review [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2010, 29(1): 1-7.