钦州湾水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征及其来源分析

doi:10.11978/2025202

Abstract

Abstract:

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) serves as a key driver in biogeochemical processes. The composition and sources of DOM in estuarine and bay waters significantly influence marine ecosystems. This study was conducted in the estuary area connecting the Pinglu Canal and Qinzhou Bay through multiple sampling campaigns from August 2024 to June 2025. By integrating ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy with three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (3D-EEM-PARAFAC) on collected samples, this study systematically investigated the compositional characteristics and sources of aquatic DOM. The study revealed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the surface water of Qinzhou Bay ranged from 1.31 to 9.14 mg·L⁻¹. The lowest concentration [average (2.11±0.38) mg·L⁻¹] was in February 2025 and the highest concentration [average (7.53±1.43) mg·L⁻¹] was in October 2024. Spatially, DOM concentrations showed a decreasing trend from the Pinglu Canal estuary to the Maowei Sea, but the concentration outside the bay has rebounded. Three fluorescent components were identified in the DOM of Qinzhou Bay: one humic-like component C1 (Ex/Em=240/430 nm), and two protein-like components, C2 (Ex/Em=245/300 nm) and C3 (Ex/Em=250, 275/350 nm), whose relative abundances varied seasonally. During the high-flow period, the relative proportion of the humic-like component (C1) reached 60%-81%, accompanied by significantly elevated aromaticity index and humification index (HIX). This indicates that the DOM pool was dominated by terrestrially derived, highly aromatic and humified substances transported by river inflow. During the low-flow period, protein-like components (C2 and C3) exceeded 70%, while aromaticity index (<1.5) and HIX dropped to extremely low levels; meanwhile, the biological index (BIX) increased, indicating a shift to endogenous and anthropogenic sources. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between salinity and humic-like component C1 (r=−0.96, P<0.01), while it showed no significant correlations with the DOC concentration (r=−0.23, P>0.05) and tyrosine-like component C2 (r=−0.08, P>0.05), suggesting that terrestrial DOM shows complex mixing behaviors in estuary. Comparative analysis with large natural estuaries such as the Yangtze River Estuary and the Yellow River Estuary reveals that the dynamics of DOM in Qinzhou Bay are co-regulated by natural hydrological processes (e.g., rainfall) and intensive anthropogenic activities (e.g., canal dredging, aquaculture), reflecting the biogeochemical signatures typical of a heavily human-modified estuary. The results provide support for understanding the evolution of the carbon cycle in estuaries under the influence of human activities and serve as a reference for the construction of Pinglu Canal, as well as for regional water environment management and pollution control.

Key words: dissolved organic matter, compositional characteristics, 3D-EEMs, Qinzhou Bay, Pinglu Canal

CLC Number:

P734

JIANG Shihao, LIAO Riquan, NIU Donglei, QIAO Zhen, LU Dongliang, TANG Jianhui. The distribution characteristics, compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Qinzhou Bay[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 190-202.

Figures/Tables 11

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光谱参数	参数定义	指示意义	参考文献
E2/E3	250nm与365nm处紫外吸光度之比	与DOM相对分子量成反比	Wang et al, 2009
a350	350nm处的吸光系数	有色溶解性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter, CDOM)的替代指标和量化参数	Wang et al, 2009
S_R	S_275~295/S_350~400紫外光谱斜率比	与DOM的相对分子质量成反比: S_R>1 表明DOM来源以内生源为主	Spencer et al, 2012
芳香性指数(SUVA₂₅₄)	254nm处紫外吸收系数与DOC浓度比值	与DOM的芳香性与腐殖化程度正相关	Tremblay et al, 2007
FI	当Ex为370nm时, Em在450nm和 500 nm 处的荧光强度(F)的比值	当FI>1.9主要表现为自生源特征, FI<1.4陆源为主要来源	McKnight et al, 2001
BIX	当Ex为310nmn时, Em在380nm 和430nm处的荧光强度比值	BIX>1以自生源为主	Birdwell et al, 2010
HIX	area(Em=435~480nm)/area(Em=300~345nm), Ex=254nm, 其中area为荧光峰面积	与DOM腐殖化程度成正比	Ohno, 2002

区域	采样时间	DOC浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	CDOM/m⁻¹	参考文献
中国广西钦州湾	2022—2023	1.54~10.01	—	李一鸣, 2024
中国珠江口	2015-05	1.87±0.54	1.99±0.19 (a330)	Li et al, 2019
中国黄浦江	2011-04	4.80±0.57	6.00~6.40(a355)	Guo et al, 2014
中国长江口	2021-05	1.67±0.13	2.20±0.57(a355)	郭丽霞等, 2022
中国黄河口	2017-08	11.00±6.48	29.84±21.37(a254)	Cui et al, 2023
中国广西钦州湾	2024-08至2025-06	1.31~9.14	1.74±1.51(a350)	本研究数据
密西西比河	2009—2010	5.60±0.20	5.75±0.66(a350)	Kolic et al, 2014

The distribution characteristics, compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Qinzhou Bay

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