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热带海洋学报

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方格星虫对碳和氮稳定同位素的分馏：养殖试验与滩涂调查

孟耀文1, 蒋艳2, 刘旭佳2, 蔡德建2, 钟声平1, 彭银辉3, 蔡小辉3, 陆洁4, 黄国强1   

  1. 1. 广西中医药大学海洋药物研究院, 广西海洋药物重点实验室, 海洋中药高效利用广西高校工程中心, 广西南宁 530200;

    2. 广西海洋科学院, 广西南宁 530007;

    3. 北部湾大学海洋学院, 广西海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011;

    4. 广西海洋环境监测中心站, 广西北海 536000

  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14 修回日期:2025-09-30 接受日期:2025-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 黄国强
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31160532), 广西海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室开放课题(2023KA01)

Fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in Sipunculus nudus: Insights from aquaculture experiments and intertidal surveys

MENG Yaowen1, JIANG Yan2, LIU Xujia2, CAI Dejian2, ZHONG Shengping1, PENG Yinhui3, CAI Xiaohui3, LU Jie4, HUANG Guoqiang1   

  1. 1. University Engineering Research Center of High-efficient Utilization of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangxi; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drug; Institute of Marine Drug, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China.

    2. Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China.

    3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, China.

    4. Guangxi Marine Environment Monitoring Center Station, Beihai, Guangxi, 536000, China

  • Received:2025-07-14 Revised:2025-09-30 Accepted:2025-10-15
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160532),  Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation (Beibu Gulf University) (2023KA01)

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摘要： 底栖动物对饵料中碳和氮稳定同位素的分馏作用是应用稳定同位素技术进行营养生态学研究的基础。为查明方格星虫对广西北海市滩涂部分潜在饵料来源碳和氮稳定同位素的分馏系数，作者采用可控养殖试验测定了方格星虫对红树叶（Mangrove leaf，ML）、条浒苔（Enteromorpha clathrate）、互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）、对虾饲料（Shrimp feed）中的13C和15N的分馏系数，并采用现场调查取样的方法计算了方格星虫对滩涂表层沉积物中13C和15N的分馏系数。结果表明，方格星虫对4种潜在饵料的稳定同位素分馏系数△13C和△15N差异显著，△13C与试验初始时方格星虫的δ13C与饵料的δ13C差值显著正相关，二者之间关系符合线性方程△13C=0.8618×（δ13Ci - δ13Cd）+0.6619（R2=0.9886），而△15N与饵料的C/N显著负相关，可用线性方程△15N= -0.0446×（C/N）+1.6391(R2=0.9107)描述二者之间的关系。方格星虫对滩涂表层沉积物中稳定同位素分馏系数△13C范围为4.11‰~5.54‰，△15N范围为6.13‰~8.97‰，均高于目前采用的分馏系数参考值。4种潜在饵料的δ13C、δ15N、C/N与滩涂表层沉积物差异较大，可以判断红树林和互花米草的凋落物不是相邻滩涂有机碳和氮的主要直接来源，而条浒苔和近岸虾池的排放可能成为滩涂表层沉积物有机碳和氮的直接来源。研究结果为开展方格星虫的营养生态学和在滩涂生源要素循环中的作用提供了参考。

关键词: 方格星虫, 稳定同位素, 分馏, 饵料, 沉积物

Abstract:

The fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes by benthic fauna in relation to food sources is fundamental to applying stable isotope techniques in trophic ecology research. To determine the isotopic fractionation coefficients (Δ¹³C and Δ¹⁵N) ofSipunculus nudusfor potential food sources in the tidal flats of Beihai, Guangxi, a controlled feeding experiment was conducted. The experiment measured the fractionation coefficients ofS. nudusfor mangrove leaves,Enteromorpha clathrata,Spartina alterniflora, and shrimp feed. Additionally, field sampling was used to calculate the fractionation coefficients for surface sediment organic matter. The results showed significant differences in Δ¹³C and Δ¹⁵N among the four potential food sources. Δ¹³C exhibited a strong positive correlation with the initial δ¹³C difference betweenS. nudusand the food source, fitting the linear equation: △ 13C = 0.8618 × (δ 13Ci- δ 13Cd) + 0.6619 (R2=0.9886). Δ¹⁵N was negatively correlated with the food source’s C/N ratio, described by: Δ¹⁵N = -0.0446 × (C/N) + 1.6391 (R² = 0.9107). For surface sediments, the fractionation coefficients ofS. nudusranged from 4.11‰ to 5.54‰ for Δ¹³C and 6.13‰ to 8.97‰ for Δ¹⁵N, both exceeding commonly referenced values. The δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N ratios of the four potential food sources differed significantly from those of tidal flat sediments, suggesting that mangrove andS. alternifloradetritus are not the primary direct sources of organic carbon and nitrogen in adjacent tidal flats. Instead,E. clathrateand discharges from nearby shrimp ponds may contribute more directly to sedimentary organic matter. These findings provide critical insights into the trophic ecology ofS. nudusand its role in the biogeochemical cycling of coastal ecosystems.

Key words: Sipunculus nudus, stable isotope, fractionation, diet, sediment