热带海洋学报

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珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区微生物多样性及环境因子相关性*

贾素晓1,张瑞瑞1,武晓柯1,裘悦珊1,李其赢1,欧海旭1,孙国玲1,昌涛琦1,许尤厚1,蔡双虎2
  

  1. 1. 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站,北部湾大学海洋学院, 广西钦州 535011

    2. 广东海洋大学水产学院, 广东 湛江 524088



  • 收稿日期:2025-10-07 修回日期:2025-12-13 接受日期:2025-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 许尤厚
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(U20A2065)

Analysis of microbial diversity and environmental factors in pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area*

JIA Suxiao1, Zhang Ruirui1, WU Xiaoke1, QIU Yueshan1, LI Qiying1,OU Haixu1, SUN Guolin1, CHANG Taoqi1, XU Youhou1, CAI Shuanghu2   

  1. 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processesand Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

    2. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China



  • Received:2025-10-07 Revised:2025-12-13 Accepted:2025-12-16
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (U20A2065)

摘要: 本研究旨在评估珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区微生物的多样性及其与环境因子的关系, 为优化该区域的养殖环境和提升养殖效益提供科学依据, 实验采集2024年3月-2025年2月海水样本, 通过高通量测序技术对不同季节和采样点的水体微生物多样性进行分析, 并探讨微生物群落结构与水体环境条件之间的关系。总体而言, 珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区各采样点水体的理化性质呈现出显著的时空差异性(N-sum的叶绿素a含量显著高于W-win); 微生物群落分属于23个门、47个纲、102个目、187个科、271个属; 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为最优势菌门, 相对丰度为48.45%~53.20%; 菌群Alpha多样性指数显示不同站点的不同季度之间存在显著性差异(C-spr在Ace指数、Chao指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数均显著低于N-aut); 通过RDA(redundancy analysis)分析发现, 盐度、温度和硝酸盐为主要环境影响因子; Mantel测试及相关性分析得出氮营养盐是驱动群落结构的主要环境因子; 通过PICRUSt2功能预测, 微生物功能主要集中在代谢过程、遗传信息处理以及细胞信息处理等方面。该研究得出珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区中水体中细菌种类繁多, 微生物群落结构在各采样点之间呈现出一定差异, 而这种差异受到多种环境因子的共同作用, 其中氮类营养盐的影响最为突出。本研究为海水养殖业的发展提供了基础性数据支撑, 同时也为珍珠湾网箱养殖疾病的科学防控及其流行规律的揭示提供了有益参考。

关键词: 珍珠湾, 微生物, 卵形鲳鲹, 环境因子, 相关性, 高通量测序

Abstract: This study evaluated the microbial diversity in the seawater of the Pearl Bay T. ovatus aquaculture area and its relationship with environmental factors, aiming to provide scientific support for optimizing the aquaculture environment and improving farming efficiency. Seawater samples were collected from March 2024 to February 2025, and microbial diversity was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing across different seasons and sampling sites. Results showed significant temporal and spatial variations in water physicochemical properties, with Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum (48.45%-53.20% relative abundance). Alpha diversity indices indicated significant differences between sites and seasons. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified salinity, temperature, and nitrate as key environmental factors influencing microbial community structure, while nitrogenous nutrients were found to be the main drivers of community composition through Mantel tests and correlation analyses. Functional predictions via PICRUSt2 highlighted the predominant microbial functions in metabolic processes, genetic information processing, and cellular information processing. These findings underscore the complexity of microbial communities in Pearl Bay, shaped by various environmental factors, particularly nitrogenous nutrients. This study provides crucial data for marine aquaculture development and offers valuable insights for disease prevention and epidemiological studies in cage farming.

Key words: Pearl Bay, microorganisms, Trachinotus ovatus, environmental factors, correlation, high-throughput sequencing