珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌多样性及环境因子相关性

doi:10.11978/2025185

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 63-76.doi: 10.11978/2025185CSTR: 32234.14.2025185

珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌多样性及环境因子相关性

贾素晓¹(), 张瑞瑞¹, 武晓柯¹, 裘悦珊¹, 李其赢¹, 欧海旭¹, 孙国玲¹, 昌涛琦¹, 许尤厚¹(), 蔡双虎²

¹ 北部湾大学, 海洋学院, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西钦州 535011
² 广东海洋大学, 水产学院, 广东湛江 524088

收稿日期:2025-10-07 修回日期:2025-10-25 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 许尤厚。email: xyh_2016@bbgu.edu.cn
作者简介:
贾素晓(2000—), 女, 河南省郑州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事水产病害研究。email: 15638252691@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U20A2065)

Analysis of bacterial diversity and environmental factors in the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area

JIA Suxiao¹(), ZHANG Ruirui¹, WU Xiaoke¹, QIU Yueshan¹, LI Qiying¹, OU Haixu¹, SUN Guoling¹, CHANG Taoqi¹, XU Youhou¹(), CAI Shuanghu²

¹ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
² College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received:2025-10-07 Revised:2025-10-25 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: XU Youhou. email: xyh_2016@bbgu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2065)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文旨在评估珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌的多样性及其与环境因子的关系, 为优化该区域的养殖环境和提升养殖效益提供科学依据。采集2024年3月—2025年2月海水样本, 测定水体理化参数, 并结合高通量测序技术对不同季节和采样点的水体细菌多样性进行分析, 并探讨细菌群落结构与水体环境条件之间的关系。总体而言, 珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区各采样点水体的理化性质呈现出显著的时空差异性, 尤其是夏季养殖网箱内(N-sum)的叶绿素a含量显著高于冬季养殖网箱外(W-win)。细菌群落分属于23个门、47个纲、102个目、187个科、271个属; 变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)为最主要的优势菌门, 相对丰度为48.45%~53.20%; 季节变化对细菌群落的影响较为显著, 菌群alpha多样性指数显示, 春季未养殖海域(C-spr)的Ace指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数均显著低于秋季养殖网箱内(N-aut)(P<0.05), 这可能与水温、盐度、溶解氧等季节性变化有关; 通过RDA (redundancy analysis)分析发现, 盐度、温度和硝酸盐为主要显著性影响因子; Mantel测试及相关性分析得出硝酸盐是驱动群落结构的主要环境因子; 通过PICRUSt2(phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2)功能预测, 细菌功能主要集中在代谢过程、遗传信息处理以及细胞信息处理等方面。该研究发现珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体中细菌种类繁多, 受到多种环境因子的共同作用, 以硝酸盐的作用最为显著, 为海水养殖业的发展提供了基础性数据支撑, 也为珍珠湾网箱养殖疾病的科学防控与流行规律研究提供了有益参考。

关键词: 卵形鲳鲹, 细菌群落, 环境因子, 相关性, 高通量测序, 珍珠湾

Abstract:

This study aims to evaluate bacterial diversity in the seawater of the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area and its relationship with environmental factors, providing scientific support for optimizing the aquaculture environment and improving efficiency. Seawater samples collected from March 2024 to February 2025 were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess bacterial diversity across different seasons and sampling sites. The relationships between bacterial community structure and environmental conditions were further investigated. Overall, the physicochemical properties of seawater in the Pearl Bay aquaculture area exhibited significant spatiotemporal variations, particularly a significantly higher chlorophyll a concentration in the summer samples collected inside the cages (N-sum) compared with the winter samples collected outside the cages (W-win). The bacterial communities were classified into 23 phyla, 47 classes, 102 orders, 187 families, and 271 genera, with Pseudomonadota being the dominant phylum, accounting for 48.45% to 53.20% of the relative abundance. Seasonal variation had a notable impact on bacterial communities: the alpha diversity indices (Ace, Chao1, Simpson, and Shannon) of the spring samples from the non-aquaculture area (C-spr) were significantly lower than those of the autumn samples from inside the cages (N-aut) (P<0.05), likely due to seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that salinity, temperature, and nitrate were the major environmental factors significantly influencing bacterial community structure. Mantel tests and correlation analyses further confirmed nitrate as the primary environmental driver of community structure. Functional prediction using PICRUSt2 (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2) showed that bacterial functions were mainly associated with metabolic processes, genetic information processing, and cellular information processing. This study demonstrates that seawater in the Pearl Bay T. ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area harbors diverse bacterial communities shaped by multiple environmental factors, among which nitrate plays a particularly pivotal role. These findings provide essential baseline data for the development of marine aquaculture and offer valuable insights for the scientific prevention and understanding of disease dynamics in the Pearl Bay cage aquaculture system.

Key words: Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus, bacterial community, environmental factors, correlation, high-throughput sequencing, Pearl Bay

中图分类号:

P735

贾素晓, 张瑞瑞, 武晓柯, 裘悦珊, 李其赢, 欧海旭, 孙国玲, 昌涛琦, 许尤厚, 蔡双虎. 珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌多样性及环境因子相关性[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 63-76.

JIA Suxiao, ZHANG Ruirui, WU Xiaoke, QIU Yueshan, LI Qiying, OU Haixu, SUN Guoling, CHANG Taoqi, XU Youhou, CAI Shuanghu. Analysis of bacterial diversity and environmental factors in the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 63-76.

图/表 12

图1

表1

珍珠湾四季卵形鲳鲹养殖区海水主要理化性质指标"

组别	温度/℃	盐度/‰	pH	溶解氧/ (mg·L⁻¹)	叶绿素a/ (mg·m⁻³)	硝酸盐/ (mg·L⁻¹)	亚硝酸/(mg·L⁻¹)	氨氮/(mg·L⁻¹)	总磷/ (mg·L⁻¹)	化学需氧量 /(mg·L⁻¹)
W-spr	26.26±5.20^b	30.42±1.48^bc	7.93±0.35^abcd	7.34±1.03^ab	2.06±2.45^a	0.99±0.09^b	0.0058±0.0055^ab	0.0752±0.0073^e	0.10±0.18^bc	0.72±0.51^bc
N-spr	26.27±5.05^b	30.52±1.46^bc	7.79±0.23^abc	7.17±1.00^ab	1.95±2.20^a	0.98±0.11^b	0.0084±0.0058^ab	0.0744±0.0072^de	0.11±0.13^c	0.77±0.37^c
C-spr	26.41±4.79^b	30.57±1.60^bc	7.96±0.41^abcd	7.59±0.88^bc	1.99±2.37^a	0.98±0.09^b	0.0058±0.0038^ab	0.0736±0.0077^bcde	0.03±0.01^abc	0.61±0.46^abc
W-sum	30.86±0.51^c	24.42±2.39^a	7.63±0.76^a	6.50±0.63^a	11.69±4.24^c	1.06±0.04^c	0.0147±0.0163^b	0.0754±0.0043^e	0.05±0.03^abc	0.50±0.17^abc
N-sum	30.86±0.54^c	24.56±2.68^a	7.67±0.77^ab	6.56±0.58^a	11.51±4.16^c	1.06±0.03^c	0.0149±0.0165^b	0.0739±0.0033^cde	0.04±0.01^abc	0.54±0.20^abc
C-sum	30.62±0.57^c	24.76±2.28^a	7.72±0.73^ab	6.66±0.56^a	11.09±3.30^c	1.05±0.04^c	0.0152±0.0173^b	0.0728±0.0038^abcde	0.03±0.01^abc	0.68±0.22^bc
W-aut	26.39±1.94^b	29.55±0.77^b	8.10±0.12^bcd	6.89±0.51^ab	5.31±1.83^b	0.93±0.05^ab	0.0045±0.0024^a	0.0685±0.0050^ab	0.03±0.02^a	0.50±0.16^abc
N-aut	26.38±1.95^b	29.51±0.72^b	8.21±0.02^cd	6.78±0.52^ab	5.04±1.07^b	0.92±0.05^ab	0.0059±0.0046^ab	0.0689±0.0049^abc	0.02±0.00^a	0.50±0.23^abc
C-aut	26.52±2.03^b	29.61±0.82^b	8.26±0.04^d	7.08±0.94^ab	4.88±3.00^b	0.94±0.05^ab	0.0035±0.0017^a	0.0677±0.0037^a	0.03±0.02^ab	0.45±0.28^ab
W-win	19.36±2.09^a	31.45±0.59^c	8.34±0.14^d	8.27±0.92^c	1.12±0.59^a	0.90±0.03^a	0.0018±0.0005^a	0.0703±0.0026^abcde	0.05±0.07^abc	0.36±0.10^a
N-win	19.44±2.09^a	31.45±0.59^c	8.35±0.08^d	8.20±0.66^c	1.37±1.05^a	0.91±0.02^a	0.0016±0.0005^a	0.0696±0.0033^abcd	0.02±0.01^a	0.43±0.15^ab
C-win	19.13±2.08^a	31.36±0.70^c	8.34±0.07^d	8.21±1.04^c	1.17±0.52^a	0.91±0.02^a	0.0019±0.0007^a	0.0681±0.0024^a	0.04±0.04^abc	0.46±0.16^ab

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

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组别	Ace指数	Chao1指数	Simpson指数	Shannon指数	Coverage覆盖率
W-spr	284.66±57.61^ab	287.08±57.21^bc	0.962±0.008^bc	5.92±0.26^bc	1.000
N-spr	276.82±15.09^ab	276.73±14.71^ab	0.952±0.014^a	5.64±0.38^a	1.000
C-spr	251.49±52.84^a	251.41±53.02^a	0.957±0.014^ab	5.78±0.34^ab	1.000
W-sum	333.97±23.17^cd	335.24±23.44^de	0.969±0.009^cd	6.22±0.29^d	1.000
N-sum	334.45±27.75^cd	335.21±27.57^de	0.969±0.006^cd	6.23±0.24^d	1.000
C-sum	325.79±17.54^cd	326.20±17.98^de	0.969±0.007^cd	6.17±0.18^cd	1.000
W-aut	348.84±19.38^de	349.16±18.88^e	0.971±0.002^cd	6.18±0.15^cd	1.000
N-aut	382.22±35.42^e	382.89±34.71^f	0.973±0.003^d	6.32±0.19^d	1.000
C-aut	336.60±28.12^cd	338.15±29.12^e	0.969±0.009^cd	6.09±0.17^cd	1.000
W-win	335.16±50.37^cd	337.29±47.56^e	0.969±0.007^cd	6.27±0.37^d	1.000
N-win	320.57±44.63^cd	320.56±44.20^cde	0.965±0.009^cd	6.14±0.27^cd	1.000
C-win	298.96±27.94^bc	298.76±27.79^bcd	0.969±0.004^cd	6.11±0.15^cd	1.000

珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌多样性及环境因子相关性

Analysis of bacterial diversity and environmental factors in the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area

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