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热带海洋学报

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西沙群岛、中沙环礁和海南岛石芝珊瑚的物种多样性及系统发育

王嫣1, 李立微1, 卢章旺1, 刘志伟1, 汤开浩2, 王珺1
  

  1. 1. 海南大学海洋生物与水产学院, 海南 海口 570228;


    2. 热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301


  • 收稿日期:2026-05-13 修回日期:2026-06-24 接受日期:2026-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 王嫣
  • 基金资助:
    科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100604)

Species Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mushroom Corals (Fungiidae) in the Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Atoll and Hainan Island

WANG Yan 1, LI Liwei 1, LU Zhangwang 1, LIU Zhiwei 1, TANG Kaihao 2, WANG Jun 1   

  1. 1. School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;


    2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China


  • Received:2026-05-13 Revised:2026-06-24 Accepted:2026-07-02
  • Contact: Yan, WANG
  • Supported by:

    Special Project of Basic Resources Survey of Science and Technology (2022FY100604)

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摘要： 石芝珊瑚（Fungiidae）不仅是珊瑚礁生态系统中生物多样性的关键组成部分，其独特的生活史策略和形态特征也为研究珊瑚进化与环境适应提供了重要模型。然而，南海中北部海域（包括西沙群岛、中沙环礁及海南岛周边）的石芝珊瑚长期缺乏系统性调查。本研究团队于2020-2025年间，对西沙群岛、中沙环礁及海南岛开展了持续的野外调查与样品采集，其中2023年、2024年和2025年航次是首次对西沙群岛的中光层石芝珊瑚进行系统性采样与调研。结合多年累积的标本，综合形态学特征和分子系统学证据，共鉴定出西沙群岛石芝珊瑚12属20种，中沙环礁12属13种，海南岛3属3种。西沙群岛新纪录6属9种，其中3种为仅分布在中光层的石芝珊瑚, 突显以往在该深度带对石芝珊瑚调查工作的不足。此外，中沙环礁新纪录2属6种，海南岛新纪录2属2种。在物种鉴定过程中，我们发现长期被并入Danafungia horrida的Danafungia danai，在基于COI、ITS以及13个线粒体蛋白质编码基因构建的系统发育树上均形成两个独立分支，且形态特征差异显著，应提升为独立有效种。基于13个线粒体蛋白质编码基因的贝叶斯系统发育分析进一步显示，石芝珊瑚科可划分为四个主要系统发育支系（Clade I-IV）。有趣的是，除Clade IV外，其余支系的线粒体基因组均含有小卫星重复序列，这些重复序列或可作为高分辨率的分子标记用于种群遗传学和系统发育研究。

关键词: 石芝珊瑚, 物种多样性, 系统发育, 线粒体基因组, 小卫星重复序列

Abstract: The mushroom corals (Fungiidae) are not only key components of biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems, but their unique life-history strategies and morphological characteristics also provide important models for studying coral evolution and environmental adaptation. However, systematic investigations of Fungiidae in the northern and central South China Sea (including the Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Atoll, and waters surrounding Hainan Island) have long been lacking. From 2020 to 2025, our research team conducted continuous field surveys and specimen collections in the Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Atoll, and around Hainan Island. Notably, the 2023, 2024, and 2025 expeditions represented the first systematic sampling and investigation of mesophotic Fungiidae in the Xisha Islands. Based on accumulated specimens from multiple years, and integrating morphological characteristics with molecular phylogenetic evidence, a total of 12 genera and 20 species were identified from the Xisha Islands, 12 genera and 13 species from Zhongsha Atoll, and 3 genera and 3 species from Hainan Island. Six genera and nine species are newly recorded in the Xisha Islands, among which three species are mesophotic specialists. This highlights the previous insufficiency of surveys on Fungiidae in this depth zone. Additionally, two genera and six species are newly recorded in Zhongsha Atoll, and two genera and two species are newly recorded around Hainan Island. During species identification, we found that Danafungia danai, which had long been synonymized with Danafungia horrida, formed two distinct clades in phylogenetic trees constructed using COI, ITS, and 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, with significant morphological differences. It should therefore be resurrected as a valid independent species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes further revealed that the family Fungiidae can be divided into four major phylogenetic clades (Clade I-IV). Interestingly, except for Clade IV, the mitochondrial genomes of the other clades all contain minisatellite repeat sequences. These repeat sequences may serve as high-resolution molecular markers for population genetics and phylogenetic studies.

Key words: Fungiidae, Species diversity, Phylogeny, Mitochondrial genome, Minisatellite repeats