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热带海洋学报

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南海美济珊瑚礁的形成与演化

刘建国1,2，黄云1,2，徐维海1,2，黎刚1,2，向荣1,2，苏翔1,2， 罗云1,2，赵中贤1,2，颜文1,2,3   

  1. 1．热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所)，广州 511458；

    2．边缘海与大洋地质实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所)，广州 511458；

    3．中国科学院大学，北京 100049



  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04 修回日期:2025-12-20 接受日期:2026-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 颜文
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2021-06）

Formation and development of Meiji coral reefs in the South China Sea

LIU Jianguo1,2,*, HUANG Yun1,2, XU Weihai1,2, LI Gang1,2, XIANG Rong1,2, SU Xiang1,2, LUO Yun1,2, ZHAO Zhongxian1,2, YAN Wen1,2,3,*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 511458, China
    Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 511458, China
    , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049, China
  • Received:2025-11-04 Revised:2025-12-20 Accepted:2026-03-23
  • Supported by:
    The National Key R&D Program of China (2021-06)

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摘要： 珊瑚礁是一种独特的地质体，由生物活动在热带和亚热带海洋及沿海地区形成。尽管珊瑚礁的形成时间和演化过程已受到广泛关注，但其具体细节仍存在诸多争议。本研究以南沙群岛美济礁为研究对象，通过锶、碳和氧同位素分析、矿物学、微古生物学以及元素分析等方法，重建了该珊瑚礁的形成和演化历史。研究结果表明，珊瑚礁的形成演化是一个复杂的地质过程，受到多种因素的综合影响，其中区域构造运动和长期气候变化起着关键作用。珊瑚礁是在火山基底上逐渐发展起来的，其演化过程可以划分为八个阶段。在美济礁上，我们经常发现大面积的珊瑚礁暴露，约有1000米厚的珊瑚礁同时被侵蚀。整个珊瑚礁的演化过程可以通过阶段性侵蚀沉积模型来解释，该模型同样适用于研究西沙群岛珊瑚礁的形成演化。基于以上研究，我们推测许多热带珊瑚礁可能不会长时间持续繁荣。在珊瑚礁层中，通常会伴生沉积间断。这一发现为理解珊瑚礁的形成和演化提供了新的视角，也为未来珊瑚礁保护和研究提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 珊瑚礁, 构造运动, 气候变化, 新生代, 美济礁

Abstract: Coral reefs are unique geological formations created by biological activity in tropical and subtropical oceans and coastal regions. Although the timing and evolutionary processes of coral reef formation have garnered significant attention, many details remain a subject of debate. In this study, we focused on Meiji Reef in the Nansha Islands. By conducting strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope analyses, as well as mineralogical, micropaleontological, and elemental analyses, we reconstructed the formation and evolutionary history of this coral reef. Our findings indicate that the formation and development of coral reefs are complex geological processes influenced by a combination of factors, with regional tectonic movements and long-term climate change playing crucial roles. Coral reefs develop gradually on volcanic substrates, and their evolutionary process can be divided into eight stages. On Meiji Reef, we frequently observe extensive exposures of coral reef, with approximately 1,000 meters of coral reef being eroded simultaneously. The entire developmental process of the coral reef can be explained through a phased erosion and sedimentation model, which is also applicable to the study of coral reef formation and development in the Xisha Islands. Based on our research, we speculate that many tropical coral reefs may not sustain prosperity over long periods. Depositional hiatuses are commonly found within coral reef strata. This discovery offers a new perspective for understanding the formation and evolution of coral reefs and provides important scientific evidence for future coral reef conservation and research.

Key words: Coral reef, Tectonic movement, Climatic change, Cenozoic, Meiji Reef