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热带海洋学报

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西沙珊瑚岛礁水体环境要素垂向分布特征及其相互关系

周雯1, 2，陈天然1，王晓雪1，林先智1，谢伟浪1，周涛1，3，万世杰1, 3，汤开浩1，吴云超1，李彩1, 2，许占堂1, 2，刘胜1, *
  

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301；

    2. 广东省海洋遥感与大数据重点实验室, 广东 广州 510301；

    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049


  • 收稿日期:2026-04-17 修回日期:2026-07-13 接受日期:2026-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘胜
  • 基金资助:
    科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100601)、国家自然科学基金(42276181，42576176)、广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2023A1515011703, 2023A1515240073)、南沙区重点研发(2022ZD001)

Characterizing the vertical variability and synergistic coupling of multi-environmental factors in coral reef waters of the Xisha Islands

ZHOU Wen1, 2, CHEN Tianran1, WANG Xiaoxue1, LIN Xianzhi1, XIE Weilang1, ZHOU Tao1, 3, WAN Shijie1, 3, TANG Kaihao1, WU Yunchao1, LI Cai1, 2, XU Zhantang1, 2, LIU Sheng1, *   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. Guangdong Key Lab of Ocean Remote Sensing and Big Data, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;

  • Received:2026-04-17 Revised:2026-07-13 Accepted:2026-07-13
  • Supported by:

     Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100601),National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 42276181，42576176), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation( 2023A1515011703, 2023A1515240073),Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou Nansha District Guangzhou City China( 2022ZD001)

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摘要： 西沙群岛作为南海典型的大洋型珊瑚岛礁，是认识中光层珊瑚生态系统水动力-光学-营养盐垂向结构的理想区域。本研究基于多断面的高分辨率剖面观测，系统刻画了水体环境要素的垂向分布特征。结果表明，西沙岛礁海域呈现大洋寡营养特征，其水体剖面结构受岛礁地形和物理层化的影响。混合层深度介于15–40 m之间，整体呈现“近礁浅、远礁深”的空间分布。层化作用稳定了上层温盐结构，并在总体上抑制了次表层营养盐的持续向上输送。西沙岛礁水体透明度较高（真光层深度Zeu >79 m），蓝绿波段（480–500 nm）光可向深层选择性透射，为中光层生态系统提供了关键光能补给。随着光照衰减与60–90 m营养盐的跃升，浮游植物在约 60~80m（0.7-0.8 Zeu）附近形成深层叶绿素极大值层DCM（Deep Chlorophyll Maximum）；这一层化结构反映了浮游植物对光衰减与营养盐上升梯度的生理适应，同时其上部存在垂向错位的溶解氧极大值层，主要分布在40–70 m水层。总体而言，西沙岛礁周缘水体在30–100 m深度范围内形成了光照递减与营养盐递增相互耦合的垂向结构，为中光层生态系统提供了关键的环境约束。该研究为理解热带岛礁物质循环过程及中光层生境形成机制提供了重要的观测依据。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 中光层珊瑚礁生态系统, 水下光场, 深层叶绿素极大值, 营养盐, 垂向结构

Abstract: As a representative oceanic reef system in the South China Sea (SCS), the Xisha Islands provide a unique natural laboratory for characterizing the vertical profile of hydrodynamic, light field, and nutrient within Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs). Based on high-resolution vertical profiles across multiple transects, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of environmental gradients within these reef waters. The results indicate that the Xisha reef system is situated within a oligotrophic regime, with the vertical profiles being strongly governed by reef bathymetry and physical stratification. The mixed layer depth (MLD) ranges from 15 to 40 m, displaying a consistent spatial pattern of "shallower toward the reef and deepening offshore." Stratification promotes upper-layer stability and generally constrains the sustained vertical supply of nutrient-rich subsurface waters. Characterized by high transparency, these waters feature a euphotic zone depth (Zeu) exceeding 79 m. This clarity allows for the preferential penetration of blue-green light (480-500 nm) into deeper water layers, providing the essential radiative energy for MCEs. A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) generally occurs at 60-80 m (about 0.7-0.8 Zeu), governed by the interplay between exponential light attenuation and the nutricline located at 60-90 m. This stratification highlights the phytoplanktonic adaptation to the trade-off between light and nutrient. Notably, subsurface dissolved oxygen maximum is observed at shallower depths (40-70 m). Overall, the vertical synergy of underwater light and nutrient supply within the 30-100 m, providing the critical environmental constraints for local MCEs. This research provides fundamental insights for understanding the biogeochemical dynamics and habitat architecture mechanisms in tropical reef ecosystems.

Key words: Xisha Islands, Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs), underwater light field, Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), Vertical Profile