Journal of Tropical Oceanography ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 20-35.doi: 10.11978/2019035CSTR: 32234.14.2019035
• Marine Hydrology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Spring-neap tidal variation and mechanism analysis of the maximum turbidity in the Pearl River Estuary during flood season
YAN Dong1,2,4, SONG Dehai1,3(
), BAO Xianwen1,2,3
- 1. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3. Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
-
Received:2019-04-08Revised:2019-05-15Online:2020-01-20Published:2020-01-09 -
Contact:Dehai SONG E-mail:songdh@ouc.edu.cn -
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876088);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41406097);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41476030)
CLC Number:
- P731.21
Cite this article
YAN Dong, SONG Dehai, BAO Xianwen. Spring-neap tidal variation and mechanism analysis of the maximum turbidity in the Pearl River Estuary during flood season[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(1): 20-35.
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Fig. 1
Bathymetry map of the Pear River Estuary with marked stations and sections used in this study"
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Sketch of the computing grid in ROMS"
Fig. 2
Tab. 1
Monthly averaged water and sediment discharge of the Pearl River at the eight outlets"
| 月份 | 径流量/亿m3 | 输沙量/万t | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 虎门 | 蕉门 | 洪奇门 | 横门 | 磨刀门 | 鸡啼门 | 虎跳门 | 崖门 | 虎门 | 蕉门 | 洪奇门 | 横门 | 磨刀门 | 鸡啼门 | 虎跳门 | 崖门 | |
| 1月 | 29.41 | 10.96 | 9.61 | 11.98 | 20.52 | 2.34 | 3.24 | 3.94 | 4.47 | 3.52 | 2.75 | 3.63 | 5.61 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.93 |
| 2月 | 39.26 | 18.83 | 13.73 | 13.46 | 23.06 | 2.62 | 3.64 | 4.43 | 12.90 | 12.69 | 6.20 | 1.54 | 2.38 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.40 |
| 3月 | 61.77 | 32.58 | 21.10 | 16.48 | 28.24 | 3.21 | 4.46 | 5.43 | 59.48 | 90.60 | 42.53 | 5.66 | 8.76 | 1.30 | 1.39 | 1.46 |
| 4月 | 91.62 | 51.91 | 35.04 | 29.90 | 51.20 | 5.83 | 8.08 | 9.84 | 132.92 | 161.64 | 84.72 | 37.52 | 58.02 | 8.62 | 9.21 | 9.66 |
| 5月 | 94.76 | 55.84 | 42.53 | 44.58 | 76.35 | 8.69 | 12.06 | 14.67 | 122.46 | 180.75 | 108.19 | 83.68 | 129.42 | 19.22 | 20.54 | 21.55 |
| 6月 | 131.63 | 75.63 | 65.23 | 79.93 | 136.91 | 15.58 | 21.62 | 26.31 | 188.49 | 244.94 | 209.87 | 309.58 | 478.78 | 71.12 | 76.00 | 79.72 |
| 7月 | 104.32 | 57.06 | 66.66 | 105.06 | 179.94 | 20.48 | 28.41 | 34.58 | 105.48 | 137.23 | 223.73 | 502.64 | 777.35 | 115.47 | 123.40 | 129.43 |
| 8月 | 100.37 | 41.95 | 48.06 | 74.79 | 128.10 | 14.58 | 20.23 | 24.62 | 98.28 | 63.12 | 105.01 | 237.73 | 367.66 | 54.61 | 58.36 | 61.22 |
| 9月 | 69.29 | 27.74 | 28.39 | 40.76 | 69.82 | 7.95 | 11.02 | 13.42 | 53.13 | 26.46 | 35.23 | 72.40 | 111.97 | 16.63 | 17.77 | 18.64 |
| 10月 | 42.63 | 18.66 | 19.90 | 29.47 | 50.48 | 5.75 | 7.97 | 9.70 | 22.57 | 26.46 | 24.64 | 39.56 | 61.17 | 9.09 | 9.71 | 10.19 |
| 11月 | 30.71 | 12.27 | 12.70 | 18.39 | 31.50 | 3.59 | 4.97 | 6.05 | 9.55 | 5.08 | 12.39 | 31.36 | 48.49 | 7.20 | 7.70 | 8.07 |
| 12月 | 27.23 | 9.56 | 9.06 | 12.19 | 20.88 | 2.38 | 3.30 | 4.01 | 31.26 | 3.52 | 3.74 | 6.71 | 10.37 | 1.54 | 1.65 | 1.73 |
Tab. 1
Tab. 2
Parameters used in the suspended-sediment model"
| 参数名 | 代表含义 | 数值 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| MUD_SD50 | 黏性泥沙中值粒径 | 31.25, 15.60, 7.80, 3.90, 1.95 | μm |
| SAND_SD50 | 无黏泥沙中值粒径 | 0.50, 0.25, 0.13, 0.07 | mm |
| MUD_WSED | 黏性泥沙沉降速度 | 0.62, 0.3, 0.12, 0.04, 0.01 | mm/s-1 |
| SAND_WSED | 无黏泥沙沉降速度 | 57.6, 27.0, 8.7, 2.4 | mm·s-1 |
| MUD_ERATE | 黏性泥沙侵蚀率 | 1E-5, 1E-5, 1E-5, 1E-5, 1E-5 | kg·m-2·s-1 |
| SAND_ERATE | 无黏泥沙侵蚀率 | 1E-5, 1E-5, 1E-5, 1E-5 | kg·m-2·s-1 |
| MUD_TAU_CE | 黏性泥沙临界侵蚀应力 | 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, 0.03 | N·m-2 |
| SAND_TAU_CE | 无黏泥沙临界侵蚀应力 | 0.27, 0.19, 0.14, 0.09 | N·m-2 |
Tab. 2
Fig. 3
Comparisons between observed and simulated water levels at Station Dahengqin (a, c) and Station Chiwan (b, d). The left column shows water level comparison; the right column shows the evaluation index. r2 stands for the determination coefficient, while rn stands for the standardized root mean square error. "
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Comparison between observed and simulated surface velocities at stations C4, C5, C6, and C7. The left column shows velocity comparison, and the right column shows correlation index. r2 represents the determination coefficient, and rn represents the standardized root mean square error. The observation time is July 25-26 for stations C4 and C5, and July 23-24 for stations C6 and C7, during the middle tide"
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Comparison between observed and simulated bottom velocities at stations C4, C5, C6, and C7. The left column shows velocity comparison, and the right column shows correlation index. r2 represents the determination coefficient, and rn represents the standardized root mean square error. The observation time is July 25-26 for stations C4 and C5, and July 23-24 for stations C6 and C7, during the middle tide"
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Simulated suspended sediment concentration at (a) surface and (b) bottom. (c) is the Landsat image (Wang et al, 2018) during flood season"
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Comparison between observed and simulated suspended sediment concentration at Station C6. a) Surface concentration; b) mid-depth concentration; c) bottom concentration; d) correlation index diagram. The observation time is July 23-24"
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Salinity, suspended sediment concentration, and residual current along Section A during (a, c) neap and (b, d) spring tides. Note that the vertical velocity is enlarged by 500 in (c) and (d). Isolines in (a) and (b) represent salinity "
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Salinity, suspended sediment concentration, and residual current along Section B during. (a, c) neap and (b, d) spring tides. Note that the vertical velocity is enlarged by 500 in (c) and (d). Isolines in (a) and (b) represent salinity "
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
(a, b) Surface and (c, d) bottom residual currents during (a, c) neap and (b, d) spring tides. The color indicates the flow velocity in the north-south direction, positive seaward"
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Bottom stress (b), erosion-deposition rate (c), bottom velocity (d, positive seaward), bottom sediment transport rate (e), residual sediment transport (f), and suspended sediment concentration (g) along Section A. The horizontal dotted line indicates the position of the turbidity maximum zone. The vertical black line represents the low tide level, and the vertical red line represents the high tide level. The velocity and sediment transport rate are positive to the south"
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Decomposition of longitudinal suspended sediment transport during neap (top panel) and spring (bottom panel) tides, respectively. Positive means southward. The top row represents neap tides, and the bottom row represents spring tides. From left to right, the graphs show Euler transport, Stokes transport, tidal pumping, and vertical shear transport "
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Suspended sediment transport induced by different mechanisms during neap (top panel) and spring (bottom panel) tides. The color represents the divergence of each transport term. Convergence is shown as positive value, and divergence is, negative. The top row represents neap tides, and the bottom row represents spring tides. From left to right, the graphs show Euler transport, Stokes transport, tidal pump effect, and vertical shear "
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Decomposition of longitudinal residual current during spring tides. Southward is positive. a) Runoff-induced residual flow UR; b) density-induced residual flow UD; c) nonlinearity-induced residual flow UN; d) mixing asymmetry-induced residual flow UA; e) sum of the four items; f. original residual flow"
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Decomposition of lateral residual current during spring tides. Eastward is positive. a) Runoff-induced residual flow UR; b) density-induced residual flow UD; c) nonlinearity-induced residual flow UN; d) mixing asymmetry-induced residual flow UA; e) sum of the four items; f. original residual flow"
Fig. 15
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