2020年冬季大亚湾西南海域主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素研究

doi:10.11978/2021108

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the trophic structure of food webs in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay, 35 fishery organisms were collected by bottom trawl in January 2020, and the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of the fishery organisms were analyzed. Based on the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, six quantitative ecological indicators for nutritional structure of the food web and the trophic levels of the main fishery organisms were calculated; and a continuous nutrition spectrum was made. Most of the fishery organisms captured were fish, crabs and shrimp. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values were -17.63‰ to -14.85‰ and 12.92‰ to 15.46‰ for fishes, respectively, with average values being -16.47‰ and 13.80‰. They were -17.67‰ to -15.51‰ and 11.05‰ to 12.62‰ for shrimp and crabs, with average values of -16.30‰ and 11.85‰, respectively. According to the value of δ¹⁵N, the trophic levels of the main fishery organisms were calculated using the additive model (trophic position by the additive model, TPA) and the scaled model (trophic position by the scaled model, TPS). The result showed that there was no significant differences between the results calculated by the two models (P > 0.1), and the average trophic level of fish was higher than that of shrimp and crabs. This study indicates the food web in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay is characterized by a relatively simple initial food source, few trophic levels, short food chain, low trophic level diversity, and high degree of redundancy in trophic structure. The abundance of organisms with high trophic levels decreased, and the structure of the food web shifted from complex to simplistic, and the ecosystem became less stable in the past 30 years. The study adds new basic information about the food web structure in the study area. It also provides a reference for protecting the fishery resources of Daya Bay and maintaining the stability of the ecosystem structure there.

Key words: Daya Bay, fishery organism, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, trophic structure

CLC Number:

S931

ZHANG Wanru, LIU Qingxia, HUANG Honghui, QIN Xiaoqing, LI Jiajun, CHEN Jianhua. Study on stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of main fishery organisms in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay, South China Sea in winter 2020[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(3): 147-155.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Stable isotope ratios of δ13C and δ15N, length range and trophic level (TL) of major fishery organisms in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay (n=2)"

	种类	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁵N/‰	长度范围/mm	营养级
	种类	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁵N/‰	长度范围/mm	TPA	TPS
鱼类	多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	-15.88	13.82	120~170	3.64	3.66
	单角革鲀 Aluterus monoceros	-16.50	12.92		3.37	3.32
	黄斑篮子鱼 Siganus canaliculatus	-16.63	13.69	167~176	3.60	3.61
	小头栉孔鰕虎鱼 Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus	-16.76	13.83	65~69	3.64	3.66
	小黄鱼 Larimichthys polyactis	-16.67	12.31	116~148	3.19	3.12
	绿斑细棘鰕虎鱼 Acentrogobius chloorstigmatoides	-16.46	13.85		3.65	3.67
	孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina	-16.53	13.22	89~100	3.46	3.43
	矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias	-17.15	13.14	94~178	3.44	3.40
	虎鲉 Minous monodactylus	-15.46	14.38		3.80	3.88
	黄吻棱鳀 Thryssa vitrirostris	-17.52	13.11		3.43	3.39
	李氏? Callionymus richardsoni	-16.23	13.37	70~91	3.51	3.49
	海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus	-15.97	13.64	98~120	3.58	3.59
	短吻鲾 Leiognathus brevirostris	-17.63	13.84	44~59	3.64	3.67
	截尾白姑鱼 Pennahia anea	-17.39	14.36	145	3.80	3.88
	线纹鳗鲶 Plotosus lineatus	-16.29	14.53	21~215	3.85	3.95
	长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	-16.31	14.91	185~233	3.96	4.12
	艾氏蛇鳗 Ophichthus lithinus	-16.20	14.17	185~260	3.74	3.80
	单斑笛鲷 Lutjanus monostigma	-14.85	15.23		4.05	4.26
虾蟹类	远海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus	-16.09	11.05		2.82	2.73
	红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguinolentus	-16.11	12.09		3.13	3.04
	晶莹蟳 Charybdis lucifera	-16.64	11.72		3.02	2.93
	伪装关公蟹 Dorippe facchino	-16.83	11.93		3.08	2.99
	香港蟳 Charybdis hongkongensis	-16.17	11.94		3.08	3.00
	隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata	-15.73	12.12		3.14	3.05
	美人蟳 Charybdis callianassa	-15.99	11.67		3.01	2.91
	阿氏强蟹 Eucrate alcocki	-15.96	12.22		3.17	3.09
	日本蟳 Charybdis japonica	-15.85	11.88		3.07	2.98
	口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratori	-16.94	12.06		3.12	3.04
	饰尾绿虾蛄 Clorida decorata	-16.35	11.83		3.05	2.96
	断脊口虾蛄 Oratosquillina interrupta	-15.51	12.62		3.28	3.22
	近缘新对虾 Metapenaeus affinis	-16.45	12.03		3.11	3.03
	长毛对虾 Penaeus penicillatus	-16.03	11.70		3.01	2.92
	宽突赤虾 Metapenaeopsis palmensis	-16.45	11.66		3.00	2.91
	毛虾 Acetes	-17.67	11.08		2.83	2.73
头足类	杜氏枪乌贼 Loligo duvaucelii	-16.27	15.03	30~200	3.99	4.17

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

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参数名称	简写	含义	参数值
δ¹³C比值范围	CR	图中δ¹³C 最大值与最小值之间的绝对距离, 反映初始食源的多样性特征	2.83
δ¹⁵N比值范围	NR	图中δ¹⁵N 最大值与最小值之间的绝对距离, 反映消费者所占的营养层次	4.18
多边形面积	TA	由所有物种在δ¹³C-δ¹⁵N 双位图上组成的多边形面积, 是衡量群落占据的生态位空间的总数量, 代表食物网中营养多样性的总范围	8.30
质心均距	CD	质心坐标为所有样品δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N的平均值, 计算所有样品到质心的欧氏距离, 并得出平均值, 表示群落营养多样性的平均水平	1.18
最短均值	NND	相邻两点间最短距离的平均值, 反映群落的聚集度密度	0.31
最短均值标准差	SDNND	相邻两点间最短距离的标准差, 反映群落物种聚集度均匀度, 表示营养生态位分布范围水平	0.23

区域	参考文献	CR	NR	TA	CD	NND	SDNND
大亚湾西南海域	本文	2.83	4.18	8.30	1.18	0.31	0.23
海陵湾	张文博等, 2019	2.44	3.06	5.10	0.93	0.55	0.35
陵水湾	张文博等, 2019	4.45	4.66	11.18	1.49	0.60	0.54
珠江口海域	曾艳艺等, 2018	12.58	7.57	—	—	—	—
海州湾	谢斌等, 2017	3.70	6.40	13.00	1.37	0.61	0.64
南海中西部海域	黄佳兴等, 2019	3.49	4.91	9.48	1.20	1.69	0.74
南沙群岛西南陆架区	宁加佳等, 2016	3.40	4.30	5.80	1.00	0.37	0.43
东海中北部海域	纪炜炜等, 2015	3.38	3.45	7.02	1.12	0.42	0.28

Study on stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of main fishery organisms in the southwestern waters of Daya Bay, South China Sea in winter 2020

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