广东南澳海水养殖区中小型浮游动物群落结构特征

doi:10.11978/2024025

Abstract

Abstract:

Mariculture has an important influence on the quality of coastal environment. To investigate the effects of mariculture on meso- and micro-zooplankton community structure, sampling was conducted in the different mariculture areas (fish cultivation area, Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultivation area, abalone cultivation area and abalone-G. lemaneiformis integrated cultivation area) and natural sea area in the Shen’ao Bay of the Nan’ao Island, Shantou City from April to June, 2016. During the surveys, 44 species of zooplankton, including 8 species of planktonic larvae, 6 protozoan, 1 rotifer, 2 cladocerans and 27 copepods were identified in the Shen’ao Bay. The zooplankton abundance ranged from 4 to 392 ind.·L^-¹, which was higher in mariculture area and most abundant in abalone cultivation area (P<0.05). The dominant species of zooplankton were Favella campanula, Paracalanus parvus, Microsetella norvegica and Oithona similis. Size-frequency distributions of zooplankton indicated that mariculture had a strong influence on the zooplankton body size. The body size of zooplankton ranged from 0.06 to 2.18 mm and most of them (98.74%) were under 1 mm with significant fluctuation, mainly protozoa, nauplius and planktonic larvae. After G. lemaneiformis harvest, there was no significant difference in changes of zooplankton community structure between the former G. lemaneiformis cultivation area and the natural sea area. Redundancy analysis indicated that total phosphorus, $\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}$, salinity and dissolved oxygen were the primary environmental factors. Results showed mariculture facilities form microhabitats which increase meso- and micro-zooplankton abundance, and zooplankton community structure becomes smaller; the large-scale cultivation of seaweed G. lemaneiformis has increased the stability of zooplankton community.

Key words: zooplankton, mariculture, integrated aquaculture, seaweed, biodiversity

CLC Number:

Q958.8

WANG Qing, REN Hui, KE Zhixin. Community structure of meso- and micro-zooplankton in the mariculture area in the Nan’ao Island, Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 92-103.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Species composition of zooplankton in different areas of the Shen’ao Bay, Nan’ao Island"

门	目	种
纤毛门Ciliophora	环毛目Choreotrichida	钟状网纹虫Favella campanula
	砂壳目Tintinnida	管状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tubulosa
		妥肯丁拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tocantininsis
		根状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis radix
		大拟铃虫Tintinnopsis ampla
粘孢子门Myzozoa	夜光藻目Noctilucales	夜光虫Noctiluca scintillans
轮虫动物门Rotifera	游泳目Ploima	疣毛轮虫Synchaeta sp.
节肢动物门Arthropoda	钩足目Onychopoda	肥胖三角溞Pseudevadne tergestina
	栉足目Ctenopoda	鸟喙尖头溞Penilia avirostris
	哲水蚤目Calanoida	长纺锤水蚤Acartia longiremis
		驼背隆哲水蚤Acrocalanus gibber
		中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus
		双刺平头水蚤Candacia bipinnata
		微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper
		腹针胸刺水蚤Centropages abdominalis
		达氏筛哲水蚤Cosmocalanus darwinii
		精致真刺水蚤 Euchaeta concinna
		针刺拟哲水蚤Paracalanus aculeatus
		瘦拟哲水蚤Paracalanus gracilis
		小拟哲水蚤Paracalanus parvus
		锥形宽水蚤Temora turbinata
		强额孔雀哲水蚤Parvocalanus crassirostris
		钳形歪水蚤Tortanus forcipatus
节肢动物门Arthropoda	剑水蚤目Cyclopoida	平大眼剑水蚤Corycaeus dahli
		短大眼剑水蚤Corycaeus giesbrechti
		坚长腹剑水蚤 Dioithona rigida
		拟长腹剑水蚤Oithona similis
		小长腹剑水蚤Oithona nana
		简长腹剑水蚤Oithona simplex
		丽隆剑水蚤Oncaea venusta
		等刺隆水蚤Oncaea mediterranea
	猛水蚤目Harpacticoida	硬鳞暴猛水蚤Clytemnestra scutellata
		尖额谐猛水蚤Euterpina acutifrons
		小毛猛水蚤Microsetella norvegica
		虎斑猛水蚤Tigriopus fulvus
		猛水蚤目Harpacticoida未定种
	端足目Amphipoda	端足目Amphipoda未定种
	端足目Amphipoda	钩虾幼体Gammarid larva
	磷虾目Euphausiacea	磷虾幼体 Euphausiidae larva
		蔓足类六肢幼体Cirripedia larva
环节动物门Annelida		多毛类浮游幼虫Polychaeta larva
毛颚动物门Chaetognatha	无横肌目Aphragmophora	箭虫属未定种Sagitta sp.
刺胞动物门Cnidaria	管水母目Siphonophorae	双生水母科Diphyidae未定种
脊索动物门Chordata	有尾目Copelata	住囊虫属未定种Oikopleura sp.

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 7

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	物种轴1	物种轴2	环境轴1	环境轴2
物种轴1	1
物种轴2	0.0831	1
环境轴1	0.8934**	0	1
环境轴2	0	0.6816**	0	1
透明度	0.6226**	0.0847	0.697**	0.1242
盐度	0.5711**	0.1058	0.6392**	0.1553
溶解氧	-0.6419**	-0.3515**	-0.7185*	-0.5156**
活性磷酸盐	0.7067**	-0.1833	0.7911**	-0.269*
总磷	-0.0381	0.4873**	-0.0427	0.715**
活性硅酸盐	0.0262	0.3721**	0.0293	0.5459**

	物种轴1	物种轴2	环境轴1	环境轴2
物种轴1	1
物种轴2	0.0262	1
环境轴1	0.8919**	0	1
环境轴2	0	0.82**	0	1
盐度	0.4578**	-0.0936	0.5133**	-0.1141
溶解氧	-0.6092**	-0.5219**	-0.683**	-0.6365**
叶绿素a	-0.4771**	-0.2454	-0.5349**	-0.2992*
亚硝酸盐	-0.1297	0.6134**	-0.1454	0.748**
活性磷酸盐	0.6989**	-0.2022	0.7836**	-0.2466
总磷	-0.0945	0.5794**	-0.1059	0.7065**

Community structure of meso- and micro-zooplankton in the mariculture area in the Nan’ao Island, Guangdong Province

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