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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

长棘海星煮沸灭活残骸的生态环境效应

刘建根1, 罗洪添2   

  1. 1. 自然资源部三沙海洋中心，海南 三沙 573100;

    2. 海南大学，海洋生物与水产学院，海南 海口 570228

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2025-02-20 接受日期:2025-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 罗洪添

Ecological and environmental effects of boiled and inactivated remains of crown-of-thorns starfish

LIU Jiangen1, LUO Hongtian2   

  1. 1.The Sansha Ocean Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sansha, Hainan 573100, China;

    2.Hainan University, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China

  • Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2025-02-20 Accepted:2025-03-04

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摘要： 长棘海星 (Acanthaster planci, Crown-of-thorns starfish, CoTS) 暴发对珊瑚礁生态系统健康构成了重大威胁。人工清除被认为是解决局部长棘海星暴发最实用和有效的方法之一。目前尚不清楚将捕获的长棘海星灭活后还海对海洋环境的影响。本研究通过海区模拟实验评估长棘海星煮沸灭活手段的生态环境效应。结果表明长棘海星煮沸灭活后还海在约2 d内肌肉组织完全分解，分解后骨骼呈颗粒状。还海后的第9天，分别释放了63.20%的碳、62.18%的氮和44.17%的磷到水体中，使水体碳浓度上升0.08±0.06 mg·L-1、氮浓度上升0.08±0.08 mg·L-1、磷浓度下降0.01 mg·L-1。此外，灭活后的长棘海星体表优势菌主要隶属于变形菌门、蓝细菌、放线菌门和拟杆菌门，其中优势种为拟杆菌门的Sphingomonas，和变形菌门的Ruegeria、Pelomonas、Nautella与Tenacibaculum，并与长棘海星分解具有关联作用。长棘海星经煮沸灭活后分解速度快，可直接释放营养物质，灭活后的小量还海对环境没有明显的不利影响，是一种较为经济-生态友好型的长棘海星暴发处置方式。

关键词: 长棘海星, 暴发, 珊瑚, 海洋环境, 生态效应

Abstract: The outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci, CoTS) poses a significant threat to the health of coral reef ecosystems. Artificial removal is identified as one of the most practical and effective method for addressing local outbreaks of CoTS. The marine environmental impact of discarding captured CoTS inactivated and return to the sea is currently unknown. In this study, an in situ experiment was conducted to assess the ecological and environmental effects of boiling inactivation method of crown-of-thorns starfish. The treatment resulted in decomposition of CoTS tissues required 2 days for decomposition after boiled inactivation, with the decomposed bones taking on a granular form. On the 9 th day after returning the CoTS to the sea, 63.20% of carbon, 62.18% of nitrogen, and 44.17% of phosphorus were released into the water, resulting in an increase of (0.08 ± 0.06)mg·L-1 in carbon concentration, 0.08 ± 0.08 mg·L-1 in nitrogen concentration, and an decrease of 0.01 mg·L-1 in phosphorus concentration. In addition, the dominant bacteria on the surface of the inactivated CoTS mainly belong to the Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The dominant genera were Sphingomonas of Bacteroidetes, and Ruegeria, Pelomonas, Nautella and Tenacibaculum of Proteobacteria, which are associated with the decomposition of the CoTS. After boiling and inactivating, the CoTS remains decomposes quickly and can directly release nutrients. The small amount of inactivated CoTS does not have significant adverse effects on the environment, making it a relatively economical and eco-friendly way to deal with outbreaks of CoTS.

Key words: Crown-of-thorns starfish, Outbreak, Coral, Marine environment, Ecological effect