长棘海星煮沸灭活残骸的生态环境效应

doi:10.11978/2024234

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长棘海星(Acanthaster planci, Crown-of-thorns starfish, CoTS)爆发对珊瑚礁生态系统健康构成了重大威胁。人工清除被认为是解决局部长棘海星爆发最实用和有效的方法之一。目前尚不清楚将捕获的长棘海星灭活后还海对海洋环境的影响。文章通过海区模拟试验评估长棘海星煮沸灭活残骸的生态环境效应。结果表明: 长棘海星煮沸灭活后还海, 在约2d内肌肉组织完全分解, 分解后骨骼呈颗粒状。还海后的第9天, 分别释放了63.20%的碳、62.18%的氮和44.17%的磷到水体中, 使水体碳质量浓度上升(0.08±0.06)mg·L^-1、氮质量浓度上升(0.08±0.08)mg·L^-1、磷质量浓度下降0.01mg·L^-1。此外, 灭活后的长棘海星体表优势菌主要隶属于变形菌门、蓝细菌、放线菌门和拟杆菌门, 其中优势属为拟杆菌门的鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和变形菌门的鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)、Pelomonas、那托菌属(Nautella)与坚韧杆菌属(Tenacibaculum), 并与长棘海星分解具有关联作用。长棘海星煮沸灭活残骸分解速度快, 可直接释放营养物质, 灭活后的小量还海对环境没有明显的不利影响, 是一种较为经济-生态友好型的长棘海星爆发处置方式。

关键词: 长棘海星, 爆发, 珊瑚, 海洋环境, 生态效应

Abstract:

The outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci, CoTS) poses a significant threat to the health of coral reef ecosystems. Artificial removal is considered one of the most practical and effective methods for addressing local outbreaks of CoTS. However, the marine environmental impact of discarding inactivated CoTS after capture is currently unclear. In this study, an in situ experiment was conducted to assess the ecological and environmental effects of boiled and inactivated CoTS remains. The results showed that boiled CoTS tissues decomposed within 2 days, with the skeletal remains breaking down into granular fragments. By the 9th day after returning the CoTS to the sea, 63.20% of carbon, 62.18% of nitrogen, and 44.17% of phosphorus were released into the water, resulting in an increase of (0.08 ± 0.06) mg·L^-1 in carbon, (0.08 ± 0.08) mg·L^-1 in nitrogen, and a decrease of 0.01 mg·L^-1 in phosphorus concentrations. In addition, the dominant bacteria on the surface of the inactivated CoTS primarily belonged to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Dominant genera included Sphingomonas (Bacteroidetes), and Ruegeria, Pelomonas, Nautella, and Tenacibaculum (Proteobacteria), which are associated with CoTS decomposition. The boiled and inactivated CoTS remains decomposed rapidly and released nutrients directly. A small amount of inactivated CoTS does not cause significant adverse environmental effects, suggesting this method is a relatively economical and eco-friendly approach for managing CoTS outbreaks.

Key words: crown-of-thorns starfish, outbreak, coral, marine environment, ecological effect

中图分类号:

P764.1

刘建根, 罗洪添. 长棘海星煮沸灭活残骸的生态环境效应[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(5): 189-200.

LIU Jiangen, LUO Hongtian. Ecological and environmental effects of boiled and inactivated remains of crown-of-thorns starfish[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 189-200.

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