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热带海洋学报

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平陆运河近海水域浮游细菌群落特征及其环境驱动因子

季金洁1, 2, 王挺1, 韦冬群1, 3, 李佳霖1, 秦松1, 2
  

  1. 1. 海岸带生物学与生物资源利用重点实验室(中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所), 山东 烟台 264003;

    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

    3. 滨州医学院药学院, 山东 烟台 264003



  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22 修回日期:2025-12-11 接受日期:2025-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 李佳霖
  • 基金资助:

     国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0808802);国家自然科学基金项目(42576259、42176131)

Characteristics of bacterioplankton communities and their environmental driving factors in coastal areas of the Pinglu Canal

JI Jinjie1, 2, WANG Ting1, WEI Dongqun1, 3, LI Jialin1, QIN Song1, 2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Yantai 264003, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    3. School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China



  • Received:2025-09-22 Revised:2025-12-11 Accepted:2025-12-15
  • Supported by:

    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFF0808802); National Natural Science Foundation of China (42576259, 42176131)

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摘要： 细菌群落作为环境变化的主要指征因子，其分布特征对于评估河口生态系统健康状态具有重要意义。2026年通航的平陆运河将实现陆海连通的重要功能，但其生态影响存在不确定性，因而建立本底生态数据至关重要。本研究于2024年8月在平陆运河入海口沿河口区、过渡区至远海区设置采样断面，采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术，结合多样性与生物完整性指数计算、共现网络分析及零模型模拟方法，解析了浮游细菌群落的结构组成与分布特征，探讨了群落异质性与环境因子之间的关联机制。结果表明，优势类群主要包括变形菌门、蓝细菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门，相对丰度分别为40.1%、24.0%、16.0%和10.4%，稀有类群在过渡区与远海区富集；α多样性表现为过渡区>河口区>远海区；不同区域间群落结构差异极显著(p<0.01)，NO2-是结构差异的主要环境驱动因子；基于随机森林模型构建的细菌生物完整性指数显示，河口区的生物完整性最低，过渡区与远海区相对较高，表明河口区域细菌群落结构稳定性及功能完整性相对较弱；研究区域内细菌群落构建过程以随机过程为主导，相对贡献率达58.0%，水动力干扰是构建细菌群落的主要环境驱动力。本研究初步构建了平陆运河近海水域的细菌生物完整性指数，论述了平陆运河近海水域浮游细菌群落的分布格局，为运河生态管理与保护提供基础数据和科学指导。

关键词: 浮游细菌, 多样性, 生物完整性指数, 组装机制, 北部湾

Abstract: As sensitive indicators of environmental change, bacterial communities provide valuable insights into the healthy status of estuarine ecosystems through their spatial distribution patterns. The Pinglu Canal, a vital infrastructure project designed to achieve land-sea connectivity, is scheduled to commence for navigation in 2026. However, its potential ecological impacts remain uncertain, underscoring the importance of establishing baseline ecological data. In this study, seawater samples were collected in August 2024 along a transect extending from the mouth of the Pinglu Canal to the offshore zone, which was classified into three regions of estuarine, transition, and offshore. Integrated by diversity and the index of biotic integrity assessments, co-occurrence network construction, and null model simulation, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to investigate the distribution patterns of bacterioplankton communities and explore the relationships between community heterogeneity and environmental constraints. Results revealed that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria, accounting for 40.1%, 24.0%, 16.0%, and 10.4% of the total sequences, respectively. Rare taxa were more enriched in the transition and offshore zones. Alpha diversity followed the trend of transition zone > estuarine zone > offshore zone. Significant differences in community structure were observed across the three regions (p<0.01), with NO2- concentration identified as a key factor driving structural heterogeneity. The bacteria-based index of biotic integrity, developed using a random forest model, showed the lowest value in the estuarine zone, indicating reduced stability in both community structure and functional integrity compared to the transitional and offshore zones. Bacterial communities were primarily assembled through stochastic processes, which accounted for a relative contribution of 58.0%, with hydrodynamic interference acting as a primary factor shaping these mechanisms. By establishing a preliminary bacteria-based index of biotic integrity and elucidating the distribution patterns of bacterioplankton communities for the coastal zone of the Pinglu Canal, this study provides foundational data and scientific insights to guide future ecological management and conservation efforts.

Key words: bacterioplankton, diversity, index of biotic integrity, assembly mechanism, Beibu Gulf