基于南沙美济礁深钻的南海南部新生代构造演化研究

doi:10.11978/YG2025012

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 16-34.doi: 10.11978/YG2025012CSTR: 32234.14.YG2025012

基于南沙美济礁深钻的南海南部新生代构造演化研究

黎刚¹(), 徐维海¹, 罗云¹, 刘建国¹, 赵建新², 俸月星², 程俊¹, 孙珍¹, 向荣¹, 徐敏¹, 颜文¹^,³()

¹ 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 边缘海与大洋地质实验室, 广东广州 510301
² 昆士兰大学地球与环境科学学院放射性同位素实验室, 澳大利亚布里斯班QLD 4072
³ 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-11-29 修回日期:2026-02-05 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-10-13
通讯作者: 颜文
作者简介:
黎刚(1981—), 四川省仁寿市人, 研究员, 从事珊瑚礁沉积成岩过程研究。email: gangli@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021-06); 国家自然科学基金项目(42176079); 国家自然科学基金项目(42376079); 国家自然科学基金项目(42406063); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515012022); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515010958); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所基础前沿与创新发展项目(SCSIO2023QY05)

The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea: stratigraphic evidence from a deep borehole in Meiji Atoll

LI Gang¹(), XU Weihai¹, LUO Yun¹, LIU Jianguo¹, ZHAO Jianxin², FENG Yuexing², CHENG Jun¹, SUN Zhen¹, XIANG Rong¹, XU Min¹, YAN Wen¹^,³()

¹ South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou 510301, China
² Radiogenic Isotope Facility, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-11-29 Revised:2026-02-05 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-10-13
Contact: YAN Wen
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021-06); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176079); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376079); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42406063); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012022); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515010958); Special Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO2023QY05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海的新生代构造演化与东南亚岛弧的俯冲-碰撞过程密切相关。尽管通过多次大洋钻探计划(ocean drilling program, ODP)与国际大洋发现计划(international ocean discovery program, IODP)钻探, 已经基本明晰了南海海盆张裂与扩张历史, 但其扩张结束后的构造演化过程仍缺乏准确的年代学约束, 特别是对于南沙地块与沙巴—巴拉望岛碰撞结束的时代存在诸多争议。2017年实施的南科1井深钻, 揭示了南沙群岛美济礁新生界碳酸盐岩地层的完整剖面。基于南科1井997m碳酸盐岩岩芯, 文章综合高分辨率锶同位素与激光原位U-Pb年龄, 建立了美济礁碳酸盐岩年代地层格架, 为厘定南海南部新生代构造演化历史提供了新的年代学约束。在美济礁南科1井中部538.6m处发现了中中新世沉积间断面以及间断面之下数百米厚的风化杂色沉积层。锶同位素年代和激光U-Pb年代结果显示了该风化剥蚀面上下地层年代相差约9Ma。基于区域地层对比推测南科1井中中新世沉积间断是由南沙地块南缘的构造抬升引起的。在中中新世期间, 南沙地块南缘的挠曲伴随着其向巴拉望南缘的俯冲以及北婆罗洲的造山运动。南科1井中中新世沉积间断面的形成与南海南部中中新世活跃的挤压碰撞有关。美济礁在中中新世沉积间断之上的碳酸盐沉积代表了此次碰撞事件在南海南部的终结, 其结束时代约在11Ma, 晚于南海海盆停止扩张的时代(约15Ma)。

关键词: 南海, 南科1井, 美济礁, 构造, 锶同位素

Abstract:

The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea (SCS) is intricately linked to the subduction-collision processes of Southeast Asia. Although multiple drilling expeditions by ODP (ocean drilling program) and IODP (international ocean discovery program) have largely clarified the rifting and spreading history of the South China Sea basin, the timing of its tectonic demise following the cessation of seafloor spreading still lacks precise chronological constraints. In particular, the termination of the collision between the Dangerous Grounds terrane and the Sabah-Palawan margin remains controversial due to insufficient age constraints at the southern SCS margin. A deep borehole, Well Nanke-1, drilled on Meiji Atoll in 2017, recovered a complete section of Cenozoic carbonate strata in the central Dangerous Grounds. The recovered well provides robust Sr-isotope and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages that critically constrain the Cenozoic evolution of the southern SCS. A middle-Miocene depositional hiatus spanning nine million years was identified on Meiji Atoll, interpreted as resulting primarily from tectonic uplift in the central Dangerous Grounds. This uplift phase was synchronous with under-thrusting of the southern Palawan margin and orogenic uplift in northern Borneo, indicating an active mid-Miocene collision in the southern SCS. The resumption of carbonate deposition above the hiatus at ~11 Ma dates the termination of this collision event, postdating the cessation of seafloor spreading in the SCS (~15 Ma). High-resolution strontium isotope chronostratigraphy from Well Nanke-1 provides critical chronological constraints for the tectonic evolution in the southern South China Sea during the Middle Miocene.

Key words: South China Sea, Nanke-1, Meiji Atoll, tectonic evolution, Sr-isotope

中图分类号:

P736.1

黎刚, 徐维海, 罗云, 刘建国, 赵建新, 俸月星, 程俊, 孙珍, 向荣, 徐敏, 颜文. 基于南沙美济礁深钻的南海南部新生代构造演化研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(5): 16-34.

LI Gang, XU Weihai, LUO Yun, LIU Jianguo, ZHAO Jianxin, FENG Yuexing, CHENG Jun, SUN Zhen, XIANG Rong, XU Min, YAN Wen. The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea: stratigraphic evidence from a deep borehole in Meiji Atoll[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 16-34.

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基于南沙美济礁深钻的南海南部新生代构造演化研究

The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea: stratigraphic evidence from a deep borehole in Meiji Atoll

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