冷泉渗漏对海洋沉积物氧化还原环境地球化学识别的影响——以南海东北部F站位活动冷泉为例*

doi:10.11978/2022224

Abstract

Abstract:

Redox-sensitive elements (Mo, U, V, Re, Ni, Co, Cr) have been widely used as geochemical indicators to infer the redox states of marine sediments at deposition, as well as oxygen concentrations in overlying water and atmosphere. However, the sulfidation environment in pore water formed by cold seepage due to microbial activity can result in alterations and ambiguities of redox signals indicated by these elements, which may challenge the effectiveness of the reconstructed redox state. In this paper, the contents of redox-sensitive elements of three push core sediments at the active seep site F of the South China Sea were studied. Compared with the oxic sediments, the seep sediments generally show higher Mo content, indicating the fixed Mo by hydrogen sulfide from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. U/Th, V/Cr, and Ni/Co indicate that the seep sediments are formed in the bottom water with high oxygen concentration, which is consistent with the measured results. However, V/(V+Ni) > 0.7 indicates anoxic conditions, which may be related to the lower Ni content in terrestrial debris. The Re/Mo ratio is similar to the modern seawater value, indicating a euxinic environment. The above analysis shows that Re and Mo in cold seep sediments are easily affected by methane seepage and possibly not used as geochemical indices for redox conditions in a methane-rich environment.

Key words: cold seep, redox conditions, geochemical index, anaerobic oxidation of methane, South China Sea

LI Niu, DI Pengfei, FENG Dong, CHEN Duofu. The impact of cold seepage on geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments ―Site F active seep site in the northeastern South China Sea^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(5): 144-153.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Major and trace element contents and ratios in seep site F sediments of the northern South China Sea"

柱样名称	深度/cm	Al₂O₃/%	MnO/%	Re/ (μg·g^-1)	Mo/ (μg·g^-1)	U/ (μg·g^-1)	V/ (μg·g^-1)	Co/ (μg·g^-1)	Cr/ (μg·g^-1)	Ni/ (μg·g^-1)	Th/ (μg·g^-1)	U/Th	Ni/Co	V/Cr	V/(V+Ni)	Re/Mo×10³
PC1	0~2	13.4	0.07	0.0006	0.8	1.4	105	13.2	66	33.6	11.0	0.13	2.55	1.59	0.76	0.80
	2~4	13.2	0.05	0.0012	0.9	1.6	103	12.4	63	32.2	10.9	0.15	2.60	1.63	0.76	1.40
	4~6	13.6	0.05	0.0025	2.0	1.9	109	12.8	65	33.1	11.5	0.17	2.59	1.68	0.77	1.23
	6~8	13.3	0.04	0.0021	3.5	1.7	106	11.9	63	32.0	10.9	0.16	2.69	1.68	0.77	0.61
	8~10	13.8	0.04	0.0017	3.3	1.9	110	12.4	66	33.5	11.5	0.17	2.70	1.67	0.77	0.52
	10~12	14.1	0.04	0.0022	1.5	1.8	112	12.4	67	32.9	11.6	0.16	2.65	1.67	0.77	1.46
	12~14	13.5	0.04	0.0019	1.9	1.8	108	11.7	65	30.6	11.0	0.16	2.62	1.66	0.78	1.02
	14~16	13.5	0.04	0.0033	1.0	2.3	105	11.8	65	31.9	10.7	0.22	2.70	1.62	0.77	3.24
	16~18	14.1	0.04	0.0042	1.1	2.5	111	12.6	67	32.9	11.0	0.23	2.61	1.66	0.77	4.00
PC2	0~2	14.1	0.04	0.0056	4.1	1.9	112	13.0	68	33.5	11.3	0.17	2.58	1.65	0.77	1.37
	2~4	14.1	0.04	0.0066	5.0	2.0	111	12.6	68	34.0	11.5	0.17	2.70	1.63	0.77	1.33
	4~6	14.3	0.04	0.0055	5.3	2.1	114	12.8	68	34.3	11.6	0.18	2.68	1.68	0.77	1.04
	6~8	14.5	0.05	0.0041	4.4	2.1	116	13.5	71	34.1	11.8	0.18	2.53	1.63	0.77	0.94
	8~10	14.0	0.04	0.0037	4.0	2.2	111	12.5	67	33.9	11.3	0.20	2.71	1.66	0.77	0.93
	10~12	14.5	0.04	0.0041	4.6	2.1	115	13.1	68	34.6	11.7	0.18	2.64	1.69	0.77	0.89
PC3	0~2	13.2	0.04	0.0019	5.1	2.0	102	12.0	63	31.4	11.4	0.18	2.62	1.62	0.76	0.37
	2~4	12.7	0.04	0.0024	5.3	1.8	96	11.5	62	30.0	10.6	0.17	2.61	1.55	0.76	0.45
	4~6	12.8	0.04	0.0039	7.1	2.2	95	12.0	63	31.4	11.5	0.19	2.62	1.51	0.75	0.55
	6~8	12.5	0.04	0.0037	6.2	1.9	92	12.1	61	30.2	10.9	0.18	2.50	1.51	0.75	0.60
	8~10	13.1	0.04	0.0040	6.3	2.0	96	12.5	64	35.9	11.3	0.18	2.87	1.50	0.73	0.64
	10~12	13.0	0.04	0.0036	5.9	2.0	96	12.6	63	32.0	11.5	0.17	2.54	1.52	0.75	0.61
	12~14	13.6	0.04	0.0031	5.1	2.0	103	12.9	66	32.5	11.2	0.18	2.52	1.56	0.76	0.60
	14~16	14.2	0.04	0.0027	5.0	1.9	111	12.9	68	32.9	11.7	0.16	2.55	1.63	0.77	0.54
	16~18	14.1	0.05	0.0028	5.3	1.9	110	12.7	68	32.9	11.4	0.17	2.59	1.62	0.77	0.53
	18~20	14.1	0.05	0.0027	5.2	1.7	111	11.7	70	33.3	10.7	0.16	2.85	1.59	0.77	0.52
	20~22	13.8	0.04	0.0025	6.1	1.9	110	13.0	68	34.3	11.4	0.17	2.64	1.62	0.76	0.41
	22~24	13.3	0.04	0.0022	5.0	1.9	105	12.3	65	31.3	11.1	0.17	2.54	1.62	0.77	0.44
	24~26	13.4	0.04	0.0021	3.9	1.9	105	12.6	65	32.3	11.3	0.17	2.56	1.62	0.76	0.54
	26~28	13.7	0.04	0.0019	3.0	2.0	109	13.0	67	32.9	11.2	0.18	2.53	1.63	0.77	0.63
	28~30	14.1	0.05	0.0018	3.0	2.0	111	13.2	68	34.1	11.7	0.17	2.58	1.63	0.76	0.59

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 76

[1]	常华进, 储雪蕾, 冯连君, 等, 2009. 氧化还原敏感微量元素对古海洋沉积环境的指示意义[J]. 地质论评, 55(1): 91-99.
	CHANG HUAJIN, CHU XUELEI, FENG LIANJUN, et al, 2009. Redox sensitive trace elements as paleoenvironments proxies[J]. Geological Review, 55(1): 91-99 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	程猛, 李超, 周炼, 等, 2015. 钼海洋地球化学与古海洋化学重建[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 45(11): 1649-1660.
	CHENG MENG, LI CHAO, ZHOU LIAN, et al, 2015. Mo marine geochemistry and reconstruction of ancient ocean redox states[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 45(11): 1649-1660 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	林治家, 陈多福, 刘芊, 2008. 海相沉积氧化还原环境的地球化学识别指标[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 27(1): 72-80.
	LIN ZHIJIA, CHEN DUOFU, LIU QIAN, 2008. Geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 27(1): 72-80 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	吕荐阔, 翟世奎, 于增慧, 等, 2021. 氧化还原敏感性元素在沉积环境判别中的应用研究进展[J]. 海洋科学, 45(12): 108-124.
	LYU JIANKUO, ZHAI SHIKUI, YU ZENGHUI, et al, 2021. Application and influence factors of redox-sensitive elements in a sedimentary environment[J]. Marine Sciences, 45(12): 108-124 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	邬黛黛, 谢瑞, 孙甜甜, 等, 2020. 南海北部台西南盆地硫酸盐—甲烷转换带自生矿物特征[J]. 地质论评, 66(Supp.1): 81-83.
	WU DAIDAI, XIE RUI, SUN TIANTIAN, et al, 2020. Characteristics of authigenic minerals in the sulfate methane transition zone in the Taixinan Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Geological Review, 66(Supp.1): 81-83 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	解兴伟, 袁华茂, 宋金明, 等, 2019. 海洋沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素对水体环境缺氧状况的指示作用[J]. 地质论评, 65(3): 671-688.
	XIE XINGWEI, YUAN HUAMAO, SONG JINMING, et al, 2019. Indication of redox sensitive elements in marine sediments on anoxic condition of water environment[J]. Geological Review, 65(3): 671-688 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	阎贫, 王彦林, 于俊辉, 等, 2015. 东沙海区泥火山调查进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 40(3): 34-43.
	YAN PIN, WANG YANLIN, YU JUNHUI, et al, 2015. Surveying mud volcanoes over the Dongsha Waters in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 40(3): 34-43 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	杨胜雄, 邱燕, 朱本铎, 等, 2015. 南海地质地球物理图系[M]. 天津: 中国航海图书出版社.
	YANG SHENXIONG, QIU YAN, ZHU BENDUO, et al, 2015. Geologic and geophysical atlas of the South China Sea[M]. Tianjin: China Navigation Publications (in Chinese).
[9]	ALGEO T J, LYONS T W, 2006. Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions[J]. Paleoceanography, 21(1): PA1016.
[10]	ALGEO T J, MAYNARD J B, 2004. Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems[J]. Chemical Geology, 206(3-4): 289-318. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.009
[11]	ALGEO T J, ROWE H, 2012. Paleoceanographic applications of trace-metal concentration data[J]. Chemical Geology, 324-325: 6-18. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.002
[12]	ALGEO T J, TRIBOVILLARD N, 2009. Environmental analysis of paleoceanographic systems based on molybdenum-uranium covariation[J]. Chemical Geology, 268(3-4): 211-225. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.001
[13]	ARTHUR M A, SAGEMAN B B, 1994. Marine black shales: depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 22: 499-551. doi: 10.1146/earth.1994.22.issue-1
[14]	BAZZARO M, OGRINC N, RELITTI F, et al, 2020. Geochemical signatures of intense episodic anaerobic oxidation of methane in near-surface sediments of a recently discovered cold seep (Kveithola trough, NW Barents Sea)[J]. Marine Geology, 425: 106189. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106189
[15]	BEAL E J, HOUSE C H, ORPHAN V J, 2009. Manganese- and iron-dependent marine methane oxidation[J]. Science, 325(5937): 184-187. doi: 10.1126/science.1169984 pmid: 19589998
[16]	BENNETT W W, CANFIELD D E, 2020. Redox-sensitive trace metals as paleoredox proxies: A review and analysis of data from modern sediments[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 204: 103175. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103175
[17]	BOETIUS A, RAVENSCHLAG K, SCHUBERT C J, et al, 2000. A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane[J]. Nature, 407(6804): 623-626. doi: 10.1038/35036572
[18]	BÖNING P, BRUMSACK H J, BÖTTCHER M E, 2004. Geochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(21): 4429-4451. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.027
[19]	BORCHERS S L, SCHNETGER B, BÖNING P, et al, 2005. Geochemical signatures of the Namibian diatom belt: Perennial upwelling and intermittent anoxia[J]. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 6(6): Q06006.
[20]	BRÜCHERT V, JØRGENSEN B B, NEUMANN K, et al, 2003. Regulation of bacterial sulfate reduction and hydrogen sulfide fluxes in the central Namibian coastal upwelling zone[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(23): 4505-4518. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00275-8
[21]	BRUMSACK H J, 1989. Geochemistry of recent toc-rich sediments from the Gulf of California and the Black-Sea[J]. Geologische Rundschau, 78(3): 851-882. doi: 10.1007/BF01829327
[22]	BRUMSACK H J, 2006. The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 232(2-4): 344-361. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.011
[23]	CALVERT S E, PEDERSEN T F, 1993. Geochemistry of recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments: implications for the geological record[J]. Marine Geology, 113(1-2): 67-88. doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90150-T
[24]	CALVERT S E, PEDERSEN T F, 2007. Elemental proxies for paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic variability in marine sediments: interpretation and application[M]//HILLAIRE-MARCEL C, DE VERNAL A, (Eds.), Proxies in Late Cenozoic paleoceanography. Developments in Marine Geology, vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier: 567-644.
[25]	CALVERT S E, PIPER D Z, THUNELL R C, et al, 2015. Elemental settling and burial fluxes in the Cariaco Basin[J]. Marine Chemistry, 177(Part 4): 607-629. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.001
[26]	CALVERT S E, PRICE N B, 1983. Geochemistry of Namibian shelf sediments[M]//SUESS E, THIEDE J, (Eds.), Coastal upwelling, its ssediment record; Part A: Responses of the sedimentary regime to present coastal upwelling. New York: Plenum Press: 337-375.
[27]	CHEN FANG, HU YU, FENG DONG, et al, 2016. Evidence of intense methane seepages from molybdenum enrichments in gas hydrate-bearing sediments of the northern South China Sea[J]. Chemical Geology, 443: 173-181. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.09.029
[28]	CRUSIUS J, CALVERT S, PEDERSEN T, et al, 1996. Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 145(1-4): 65-78. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00204-X
[29]	CRUSIUS J, THOMSON J, 2000. Comparative behavior of authigenic Re, U, and Mo during reoxidation and subsequent long-term burial in marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(13): 2233-2242. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00433-0
[30]	DAHL T W, CHAPPAZ A, HOEK J, et al, 2017. Evidence of molybdenum association with particulate organic matter under sulfidic conditions[J]. Geobiology, 15(2): 311-323. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12220 pmid: 27997756
[31]	ERICKSON B E, HELZ G R, 2000. Molybdenum (Ⅵ) speciation in sulfidic waters: Stability and lability of thiomolybdates[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(7): 1149-1158. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00423-8
[32]	HATCH J R, LEVENTHAL J S, 1992. Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U. S. A[J]. Chemical Geology, 99(1-3): 65-82. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y
[33]	HÄUSLER K, DELLWIG O, SCHNETGER B, et al, 2018. Massive Mn carbonate formation in the Landsort Deep (Baltic Sea): Hydrographic conditions, temporal succession, and Mn budget calculations[J]. Marine Geology, 395: 260-270. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.10.010
[34]	HELZ G R, BURA-NAKIC E, MIKAC N, et al, 2011. New model for molybdenum behavior in euxinic waters[J]. Chemical Geology, 284(3-4): 323-332. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.012
[35]	HELZ G R, MILLER C V, CHARNOCK J M, et al, 1996. Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(19): 3631-3642. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00195-0
[36]	HELZ G R, VORLICEK T P, 2019. Precipitation of molybdenum from euxinic waters and the role of organic matter[J]. Chemical Geology, 509: 178-193. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.001
[37]	JONES B, MANNING D A C, 1994. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J]. Chemical Geology, 111(1-4): 111-129. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90085-X
[38]	LI NIU, JIN MENG, PECKMANN J, et al, 2023. Quantification of the sources of sedimentary organic carbon at methane seeps: A case study from the South China Sea[J]. Chemical Geology, 627: 121463. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121463
[39]	LIANG QIANYONG, HU YU, FENG DONG, et al, 2017. Authigenic carbonates from newly discovered active cold seeps on the northwestern slope of the South China Sea: Constraints on fluid sources, formation environments, and seepage dynamics[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅰ: Oceanographic Research Papers, 124: 31-41.
[40]	LIN ZHIYONG, SUN XIAOMING, STRAUSS H, et al, 2021. Molybdenum isotope composition of seep carbonates - Constraints on sediment biogeochemistry in seepage environments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 307: 56-71. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.05.038
[41]	LIU JIARUI, PELLERIN A, IZON G, et al, 2020a. The multiple sulphur isotope fingerprint of a sub-seafloor oxidative sulphur cycle driven by iron[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 536: 116165. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116165
[42]	LIU JIARUI, PELLERIN A, WANG JIASHENG, et al, 2022. Multiple sulfur isotopes discriminate organoclastic and methane-based sulfate reduction by sub-seafloor pyrite formation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 316: 309-330. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.026
[43]	LIU SHUANG, FENG XIULI, FENG ZHIQUAN, et al, 2020b. Geochemical evidence of methane seepage in the sediments of the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea[J]. Chemical Geology, 543: 119588. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119588
[44]	LÜSCHEN H, 2004. Vergleichende anorganisch-geochemische Untersuchungen an phanerozoischen Corg-reichen Sedimenten: Ein Beitrag zur Charakterisierung ihrer Fazies[M]. Oldenburg: University of Oldenburg.
[45]	MCKAY J L, PEDERSEN T F, 2014. Geochemical response to pulsed sedimentation: Implications for the use of Mo as a paleo-proxy[J]. Chemical Geology, 382: 83-94. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.009
[46]	MCMANUS J, BERELSON W M, SEVERMANN S, et al, 2006. Molybdenum and uranium geochemistry in continental margin sediments: Paleoproxy potential[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(18): 4643-4662. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1564
[47]	MORFORD J L, EMERSON S, 1999. The geochemistry of redox sensitive trace metals in sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(11-12): 1735-1750. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00126-X
[48]	MORFORD J L, EMERSON S R, BRECKEL E J, et al, 2005. Diagenesis of oxyanions (V, U, Re, and Mo) in pore waters and sediments from a continental margin[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69(21): 5021-5032. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2005.05.015
[49]	MORFORD J L, MARTIN W R, CARNEY C M, 2012. Rhenium geochemical cycling: Insights from continental margins[J]. Chemical Geology, 324-325: 73-86. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.014
[50]	MORFORD J L, MARTIN W R, FRANCOIS R, et al, 2009. A model for uranium, rhenium, and molybdenum diagenesis in marine sediments based on results from coastal locations[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(10): 2938-2960. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.029
[51]	NAMEROFF T J, BALISTRIERI L S, MURRAY J W, 2002. Suboxic trace metal geochemistry in the eastern tropical North Pacific[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(7): 1139-1158. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00843-2
[52]	NIU MINGYANG, DENG LONGHUI, SU LEI, et al, 2022. Methane supply drives prokaryotic community assembly and networks at cold seeps of the South China Sea[J]. Molecular Ecology, 32(3): 660-679. doi: 10.1111/mec.v32.3
[53]	OTA Y, SUZUMURA M, TSUKASAKI A, et al, 2022. Anaerobic oxidation of methane and trace-element geochemistry in microbial mat-covered sediments related to methane seepage, northeastern Japan Sea[J]. Chemical Geology, 611: 121093. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121093
[54]	OWNSWORTH E, SELBY D, OTTLEY C J, et al, 2019. Tracing the natural and anthropogenic influence on the trace elemental chemistry of estuarine macroalgae and the implications for human consumption[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 685: 259-272. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.263
[55]	PIPER D Z, 1994. Seawater as the source of minor elements in black shales, phosphorites and other sedimentary rocks[J]. Chemical Geology, 114 (1-2): 95-114. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90044-2
[56]	PIPER D Z, DEAN W E, 2002. Trace-element deposition in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela Shelf, under sulfate-reducing conditions: a history of the local hydrography and global climate, 20 ka to the present[C]. US Geological Survey.
[57]	RAVIZZA G, TUREKIAN K K, HAY B J, 1991. The geochemistry of rhenium and osmium in recent sediments from the Black Sea[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55(12): 3741-3752. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90072-D
[58]	RUDNICK R L, GAO SHAN, 2013. Composition of the continental crust[M]//RUDNICK R L, (Ed.), Treatise on Geochemistry (Second edition). Amsterdam: Elsevier: 1-64.
[59]	SATO H, HAYASHI K-I, OGAWA Y, et al, 2012. Geochemistry of deep sea sediments at cold seep sites in the Nankai Trough: Insights into the effect of anaerobic oxidation of methane[J]. Marine Geology, 323-325: 47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.07.013
[60]	SCHOLZ F, 2018. Identifying oxygen minimum zone-type biogeochemical cycling in Earth history using inorganic geochemical proxies[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 184: 29-45. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.002
[61]	SCHOLZ F, HENSEN C, NOFFKE A, et al, 2011. Early diagenesis of redox-sensitive trace metals in the Peru upwelling area-response to ENSO-related oxygen fluctuations in the water column[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(22): 7257-7276. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.007
[62]	SCHOLZ F, MCMANUS J, SOMMER S, 2013. The manganese and iron shuttle in a modern euxinic basin and implications for molybdenum cycling at euxinic ocean margins[J]. Chemical Geology, 355: 56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.006
[63]	SCHOLZ F, SIEBERT C, DALE A W, et al, 2017. Intense molybdenum accumulation in sediments underneath a nitrogenous water column and implications for the reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions based on molybdenum isotopes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 213: 400-417. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.048
[64]	SCOTT C, LYONS T W, 2012. Contrasting molybdenum cycling and isotopic properties in euxinic versus non-euxinic sediments and sedimentary rocks: Refining the paleoproxies[J]. Chemical Geology, 324-325: 19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.012
[65]	TESSIN A, CHAPPAZ A, HENDY I, et al, 2019. Molybdenum speciation as a paleo-redox proxy: A case study from Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway black shales[J]. Geology, 47(1): 59-62. doi: 10.1130/G45785.1
[66]	TRIBOVILLARD N, ALGEO T J, BAUDIN F, et al, 2012. Analysis of marine environmental conditions based on molybdenum-uranium covariation-Applications to Mesozoic paleoceanography[J]. Chemical Geology, 324-325: 46-58. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.009
[67]	TRIBOVILLARD N, ALGEO T J, LYONS T, et al, 2006. Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update[J]. Chemical Geology, 232(1-2): 12-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012
[68]	VAN DER WEIJDEN C H, REICHART G J, VAN OS B J H, 2006. Sedimentary trace element records over the last 200 kyr from within and below the northern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone[J]. Marine Geology, 231(1-4): 69-88. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.05.013
[69]	VORLICEK T P, KAHN M D, KASUYA Y, et al, 2004. Capture of molybdenum in pyrite-forming sediments: role of ligand-induced reduction by polysulfides[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(3): 547-556. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00444-7
[70]	WAGNER M, CHAPPAZ A, LYONS T W, 2017. Molybdenum speciation and burial pathway in weakly sulfidic environments: Insights from XAFS[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 206: 18-29. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2017.02.018
[71]	WIGNALL P B, TWITCHETT R J, 1996. Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction[J]. Science, 272(5265): 1155-1158. pmid: 8662450
[72]	ZHAI XINYI, SHI XIAOCHONG, CHENG HAOJIN, et al, 2022. Horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of sediment microbial community in Site F cold seep, the South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9: 957762. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.957762
[73]	ZHANG QINYI, WU DAIDAI, JIN GUANGRONG, et al, 2022a. Novel use of unique minerals to reveal an intensified methane seep during the last glacial period in the South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 452: 106901. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106901
[74]	ZHANG QINYI, WU DAIDAI, JIN GUANGRONG, et al, 2022b. Methane seep in the Shenhu area of the South China sea using geochemical and mineralogical features[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 144: 105829. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105829
[75]	ZHAO YU, XU TING, LAW Y S, et al, 2020. Ecological characterization of cold-seep epifauna in the South China Sea[J]. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅰ: Oceanographic Research Papers, 163: 103361.
[76]	ZHENG YAN, ANDERSON R F, VAN GEEN A, et al, 2002. Preservation of particulate non-lithogenic uranium in marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(17): 3085-3092. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00632-9

指标	氧化环境	次氧化环境	缺氧环境(无H₂S)	硫化环境
O₂/(mL·L^-1)	>2.0	0.2~2.0	<0.2	0
H₂S/(mL·L^-1)	0	0	0	>0
Mo/(μg·g^-1)				>100
U/Th	<0.75	0.75~1.25	>1.25
Ni/Co	<5	5~7	>7
V/Cr	<2	2~4.25	>4.25
V/(V+Ni)	<0.45	0.45~0.60	0.54~0.82	>0.84
Mo_EF/U_EF	(0.1~0.3)×SW		(1~3)×SW	(3~10)×SW
Re/Mo	<0.3×10^-3	>0.77×10^-3		接近 0.77×10^-3

站位	插管名称	岩芯长/cm	经度	纬度	水深/m	潜次名称	海底特征
F	PC1	18	119°17′6.4″E	22°06′57.0″N	1143	Dive 2045	未见明显渗漏
F	PC2	12	119°17′6.1″E	22°06′57.9″N	1151	Dive 2045	微生物席
F	PC3	30	119°17′5.0″E	22°06′58.1″N	1163	Dive 2071	微生物席

The impact of cold seepage on geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments ―Site F active seep site in the northeastern South China Sea^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 76

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, YUAN Li, XU Xiaolu. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 3. data sharing service and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 158-165.
[2]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, HE Yunkai, YUAN Li, XU Xiaolu. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 1. data reorganization technology and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 143-149.
[3]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, XU Xiaolu, YUAN Li. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 2. data curation and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 150-157.
[4]	LIU Yuan, KE Zhixin, LI Kaizhi, TAN Yehui, LIANG Junce, ZHOU Weihua. Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.
[5]	LIU Didi, ZHANG Xiyang, SUN Fulin, WANG Mingzhuang, TAN Fei, SHI Qi, WANG Guan, YANG Hongqiang. Microbial communities and specific strains within beachrocks of the South China Sea: implications for the origin of beachrock* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 112-122.
[6]	JIANG Lyumiao, CHEN Tianran, ZHAO Kuan, ZHANG Ting, XU Lijia. Experimental study on bioerosion of marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 155-165.
[7]	XU Lijia, LIAO Zhiheng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yongzhi, HUANG Baiqiang, LIN Qiaoyun, GAN Jianfeng, YANG Jing. Community structure of scleractinian corals in the northern South China Sea and their responses to the marine heatwaves [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 58-71.
[8]	ZHAO Minghui, YUAN Ye, ZHANG Jiazheng, ZHANG Cuimei, GAO Jinwei, WANG Qiang, SUN Zhen, CHENG Jinhui. New developments on the rift-breakup of the continent-ocean transition zone in the northern margin of the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(2): 173-183.
[9]	HUANG Yu, WANG Lin, MAI Zhimao, LI Jie, ZHANG Si. Isolation and characterization of sand fixation ability of bacteria in biological soil crusts of the tropical islands, South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 101-110.
[10]	WANG Chenyan, SHI Jingwen, YAN Annan, KANG Yaru, WANG Yuxuan, QIN Suli, HAN Minwei, ZHANG Ruijie, YU Kefu. Bioaccumulation characteristics and source apportionment of organophosphate esters in Acanthaster planci from the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(5): 30-37.
[11]	ZHANG Zhisheng, XIE Lingling, LI Junyi, LI Qiang. Comparative analysis of mesoscale eddy evolution during life cycle in marginal sea and open ocean: South China Sea and Kuroshio Extension [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 63-76.
[12]	YANG Lei, WEN Jinhui, WANG Qiang, LUO Xi, HUANG Huaming, HE Yunkai, CHEN Ju. Recent research progress in the influence of tropical cyclones on the Luzon Strait transport^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 40-51.
[13]	ZHAO Zhongxian, SUN Zhen, MAO Yunhua, ZHANG Huodai. Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 96-115.
[14]	LIU Qinyan, LI Wenlian, SHI Rui, CHEN Ju, LI Chunhui, XIE Qiang. The characteristics of eddy in western boundary current of South China Sea and its relationship with winter circulation [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 52-66.
[15]	YANG Yikai, ZENG Lili. Spatiotemporal characteristics of mesoscale eddies with transport capability of saline Kuroshio water in the northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 75-85.

The impact of cold seepage on geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments ―Site F active seep site in the northeastern South China Sea*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 76

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

The impact of cold seepage on geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments ―Site F active seep site in the northeastern South China Sea^*