造礁石珊瑚群体遗传学研究进展

doi:10.11978/2023189

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid degradation of coral reefs due to global warming and anthropogenic impacts, implementing the measures of conservation and restoration for coral reefs are extremely urgent. The genetic diversity and connectivity of coral populations can reflect their adaptive potential and resilience when responding to environmental stresses, and is a key scientific basis for the restoration and management of coral reef ecosystem. This review aims to identify studies on the population genetics of scleractinian corals in typical marine areas, and discusses the factors that may affect the genetic structure of corals. In general, most of studies are concentrated in regions such as the Great Barrier Reef and the Caribbean. Microsatellite markers still remain the most widely used molecular markers. Breeding mode, isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-environment and human activities are significant factors affecting the genetic structure and genetic diversity of corals. Finally, this review analyzes the current problems and development trends of the population genetics of scleractinian corals in the South China Sea, with expectation to providing reference for the protection and restoration of coral reefs in China.

Key words: scleractinian corals, molecular marker, genetic diversity, genetic structure, influencing factors

CLC Number:

Q953

HUANG Wen, FENG Yi, LI Ming, WU Qian, LUO Yanqiu, CHEN Yinmin, WANG Lirong, YU Kefu. A review on the population genetics of scleractinian corals[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 13-26.

Figures/Tables 4

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

The results of population genetics on scleractinian corals in some typical marine areas"

地区	物种	形态	繁殖方式	研究地点	分子标记	主要结论		遗传结构影响因素	参考文献
澳大利亚	箭排孔珊瑚 Seriatopora hystrix	分枝状	排幼	澳大利亚东部	mtDNA、 SSR	热带与亚热带群体间存在较大遗传分化		环境隔离	Noreen et al, 2009; Underwood et al, 2018
	鹿角杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora damicornis	分枝状	排卵/排幼	大堡礁、澳大利亚西部	SSR、 SNP	高纬度的亚热带群体适应性进化能力有限		海流、海表温度	Torda et al, 2013; Thomas et al, 2017
	多孔鹿角珊瑚 Acropora millepora	分枝状	排卵	大堡礁中部	SNP	群体间未发现明显的遗传结构。热休克共伴侣蛋白sacsin具有长期受到平衡选择的特征		幼虫扩散能力	Fuller et al, 2020
	肾形陀螺珊瑚 Turbinaria reniformis	叶片状	排卵	澳大利亚西部	SNP	热带与温带群体间存在较大遗传分化		海表温度	Evans et al, 2021
	茅枝鹿角珊瑚 Acropora aspera	分枝状	排幼	澳大利亚西北部	SNP	Kimberley群岛近岸的珊瑚群体与离岸群体在遗传结构上有较大差异		环境隔离	Underwood et al, 2020
珊瑚三角区	箭排孔珊瑚 Seriatopora hystrix 多孔鹿角珊瑚 Acropora millepora	分枝状	排幼排卵	印尼	SSR	排幼型珊瑚的遗传分化水平较高, 而排卵型珊瑚的遗传分化水平较低		幼虫扩散能力	Van Der Ven et al, 2021b
	伞房叶状珊瑚 Lobophyllia corymbosa	团块状	排幼	印尼	mtDNA	苏拉威西南部和东部两个群体之间存在较高的连通性		海流	Umar et al, 2018
	柔枝鹿角珊瑚 Acropora tenuis	分枝状	排卵	印尼、澳大利亚西部	SSR	印度尼西亚种群和澳大利亚群体间存在高度遗传分化		种群历史分化	Rosser et al, 2020
	中华扁脑珊瑚 Platygyra sinensis	团块状	排幼	新加坡、印尼	SSR	新加坡海峡对基因流的阻碍作用不明显		幼虫扩散能力	Tay et al, 2015
	风信子鹿角珊瑚 Acropora hyacinthus 指形鹿角珊瑚Acropora digitifera	分枝状	排卵	密克罗尼西亚群岛	SSR	各岛屿鹿角珊瑚群体之间的遗传距离与地理距离相关		距离隔离、有效种群规模	Davies et al, 2015
日本群岛	指形鹿角珊瑚 Acropora digitifera	分枝状	排卵	日本西南部	SSR、SNP	当地边缘群体具有较高的遗传多样性, 对极端环境的耐受能力较强		幼虫扩散能力、种群历史扩张、海流	Nakajima et al, 2010; Shinzato et al, 2015; Tsuchiya et al, 2022
	从生盔形珊瑚 Galaxea fascicularis	团块状	排卵	Nansei群岛	mtDNA、 SSR	在两种刺细胞形态中均发现显著遗传分化		幼虫扩散能力	Nakajima et al, 2016
	风信子鹿角珊瑚 Acropora hyacinthus	分枝状	排幼	日本群岛	SNP	温带谱系具有扩张至边缘地带的历史, 但遗传多样性相对亚热带谱系较低		海表温度、种群历史扩张	Fifer et al, 2022
红海	柱状珊瑚 Stylophora pistillata	分枝状	排幼	红海北部	ITS、 SNP	遗传多样性从南到北呈下降趋势, 遗传分化显著		人类活动	Zvuloni et al, 2008; Buitrago-López et al, 2023
	箭排孔珊瑚 Seriatopora hystrix	分枝状	排幼	红海	SSR	群体间存在中等程度的遗传分化, 遗传距离与地理距离存在相关性		距离隔离	Maier et al, 2005
	疣状杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora verrucosa	分枝状	排卵	红海	SSR、S NP	群体间没有发现遗传结构差异, 盐度和温度的差异没有对群体分化产生明显影响		幼虫扩散能力	Robitzch et al, 2015; Buitrago-López et al, 2023
加勒比海	多孔鹿角珊瑚 Acropora millepora	分枝状	排卵	加勒比海	SSR	除波多黎各群体外, 总体的遗传多样性水平较低		距离隔离	Mège et al, 2015; Japaud et al, 2019
	Orbicella faveolata	团块状	排卵	加勒比海	mtDNA、 SSR	加勒比海西南部、西部和东部的各群体间存在显著的遗传分化。应优先保护在遗传上特殊的群体		环境隔离、种群历史扩张	Rippe et al, 2017; Ulmo-Díaz et al, 2018;Alegría-Ortega et al, 2021
	Acropora cervicornis	分枝状	排卵	佛罗里达	SNP	群体遗传多样性分布模式具有很强的空间差异		距离隔离、人类活动	Drury et al, 2017
非洲东部	疣状杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora verrucosa	分枝状	排卵	南非东部、莫桑比克	SSR	遗传多样性随纬度增加而降低, 两地群体间连通性较弱	N/A		Ridgway et al, 2008
	柔枝鹿角珊瑚 Acropora tenuis	分枝状	排卵	东非	SSR	肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚群体间存在较强的遗传连通性	幼虫扩散能力、海流		Van Der Ven et al, 2016
	箭排孔珊瑚 Seriatopora hystrix	分枝状	排幼	红海、西印度洋、东非	ITS、 SSR	红海、西印度洋以及东非沿岸群体间存在高度遗传分化	幼虫扩散能力、环境隔离		Van Der Ven et al, 2021a
	鹿角杯形珊瑚 Pocillopora damicornis	分枝状	排卵/排幼	西印度洋、西南太平洋	SSR	西印度洋和热带西南太平洋的群体间存在高度遗传分化	距离隔离		Gélin et al, 2018
太平洋	团块滨珊瑚 Porites lobata	团块状	排卵	太平洋中部和东部	ITS、 SSR	群体间存在显著的遗传分化, 基因流受到阻碍作用	环境隔离、距离隔离		Baums et al, 2012; Tisthammer et al, 2020
大西洋	Montastraea cavernosa	团块状	排卵	大西洋	β-Tubulin、ITS、IGR	大西洋的珊瑚群体可以划分为三个集群, 基因流在较大地理范围内受到限制	距离隔离、环境隔离		Nunes et al, 2009; Goodbody-Gringley et al, 2012

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 1

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A review on the population genetics of scleractinian corals

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标记类型	DNA质量要求	基因组分布	多态性	技术难度	可靠性	所用时间	实验成本	应用于珊瑚的情况	是否受虫黄藻的影响	参考文献
RFLP	高	低拷贝编码序列	中等	高	较低	多	高	少	是	Shearer et al, 2006; 董志军等, 2008
RAPD	低	整个基因组	较高	低	低	少	较低	少	是	Féral, 2002
AFLP	高	整个基因组	较高	中等	较高	较多	较高	较少	是	Amar et al, 2008
SSR	低	整个基因组	高	低	高	少	中等	多	否	Alvarado-Cerón et al, 2023
β-Tubulin	中	微管蛋白基因序列	高	低	中	少	中等	较少	否	Goodbody-Gringley et al, 2012; Huang et al, 2018
mtDNA	中	线粒体基因组	高	低	中	少	中等	较少	否	田鹏等, 2014; Shi et al, 2016
ITS	中	单位点	高	低	较高	少	中等	较多	否	Zvuloni et al, 2008; Tisthammer et al, 2020
EST	高	功能基因区	高	高	高	多	高	少	否	Wang et al, 2009; Iguchi et al, 2011
SNP	高	整个基因组	高	高	高	少	高	较多	否	边力等, 2017; Alvarado-Cerón et al, 2023

遗传特征	种类
遗传特征	澄黄滨珊瑚	盾形陀螺珊瑚	疣状杯形珊瑚	丛生盔形珊瑚
形态	块状	片状	枝状	块状
抗逆性	强	强	差	强
种群下降速度	慢	慢	快	快
繁殖方式	排卵	排卵	排幼	排卵
是否覆盖边缘群体	是	是	是	是
遗传多样性与遗传潜力	高	低	中	中
群体间分化程度	低	中	高	中
影响遗传结构的因素	海表温度、距离隔离、种群历史扩张	海表温度、距离隔离、人类活动	海表温度、敌害生物爆发、幼虫扩散能力差	海表温度、距离隔离、人类活动
保护优先级别	低	高	高	中
参考文献	Huang et al, 2018; Luo et al, 2022; 付成冲等, 2023	Wu et al, 2021	Li et al, 2022	Huang et al, 2023

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