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Journal of Tropical Oceanography

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Progress on the characteristics of deep-sea circulation and water mass in the deep Eastern Indian Ocean

LIANG Zhanlin   WANG Weiqiang   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

  • Received:2025-01-28 Revised:2025-03-10 Accepted:2025-03-25
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0203500), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2022B1212050003), the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (059GJHZ2023104MI), the Development Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCSIO202201，SCSIO2023HC07), NSFC Shiptime Sharing Project (42249910, 42149910).

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Abstract: The deep sea of the Eastern Indian Ocean is a crucial component of the global deep-sea system, playing a significant role in the global carbon cycle, as well as the distribution of heat and nutrients. The Eastern Indian Ocean deep sea is divided by the Ninety East Ridge into the Central Indian Basin (CIB) and the West Australian Basin (WAB), with notable differences in water mass characteristics and circulation between the two basins. To further understand the deep-sea circulation and water mass features in the Eastern Indian Ocean, this paper reviews existing research findings and summarizes the following aspects: 1) the unique topography of the deep Eastern Indian Ocean; 2) the sources and pathways of deep-sea water masses; 3) the deep meridional overturning circulation; 4) the differences and connections between the deep-sea water masses in the CIB and the WAB. Finally, this paper highlights key scientific issues that need to be addressed in future researches on the Eastern Indian Ocean deep sea, providing a reference for related studies.

Key words: Eastern Indian Ocean, deep-sea, circulation, water mass