南沙群岛新近纪碳酸盐台地中的微体化石及其意义*

doi:10.11978/2025246

Abstract

Abstract:

Biogenic reefs are among the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems, and are critical to global carbon cycling. The South China Sea (SCS) has developed the largest carbonate platforms in the Western Pacific. The fully-cored Well NK-1, drilled through the reef complex on the Meiji Atoll, Nansha Islands, offers a good opportunity for assessing the long-term evolution of biogenic reefs in the SCS. To reveal the evolution history of Nansha Islands and their controlling factors, more credible age constraints on core NK-1 are needed. This research presents new records of microfossils (calcareous nannofossils, foraminifera and radiolarians) abundances and diversities in the biogenic reef carbonates of core NK-1. Based on the assemblages of the microfossils, seven biostratigraphic events are recognized from the sequence of core NK-1, revealing a general continuous succession of the Early Miocene to Pleistocene age. Combined with the magnetostratigraphic data, the development and evolution of carbonate platform in the Nansha Islands are reconstructed. The bottom age of the biogenic reef sequence of NK-1 is estimated at (23.03 ± 1.06) Ma, close to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. The new chronostratigraphic framework highlights three short hiatuses of 3.6—2.4 Ma, 11.1—10.0 Ma, and 13.5—11.9 Ma, which are well correlated with the prominent exposed surfaces at 210.3 m, 464.6 m and 561.6 m, respectively. These records reveal a remarkably similar evolutionary history of carbonate platforms in the SCS since Neogene, by comparison with stratigraphic records and growth rates from deep drilling cores on isolated coral reefs in Nansha and Xisha Islands. The results show that carbonate platform development in the SCS experienced five phases: Late Oligocene / Early Miocene initiation phase, Early-Middle Miocene rapid growth phase, Middle-Late Miocene erosion phase, Miocene-Pliocene stable development phase, and Quaternary rapid growth phase, which were mainly influenced by global sea-level changes, environmental factors and regional tectonism such as the SCS basin spreading, the Sabah Orogeny and the Dongsha Movement.

Key words: carbonate platform, microfossils, tectonic movement, sea-level change, South China Sea

CLC Number:

P736.221

SU Xiang, XIANG Rong, YI Liang, ZHANG Qiang, ZHANG Yanan, QIN Guoquan, WAN Sui, YAN Wen. Microfossils in the Neogene carbonate platform of Nansha Islands and their significance^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 80-93.

Figures/Tables 9

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时代	化石类型	化石带	生物地层事件	深度/m	年龄/Ma	阶段	参考文献
更新世	钙质超微化石	NN21	Emiliania huxleyi初现面	19.2	0.29	4	Gradstein等(2012)
更新世	浮游有孔虫	PL6	Globigerinoides extremus末现面	200.8	2.40	3	秦国权(2002)
上新世	浮游有孔虫	PL5	Globoquadrina altispira末现面	210.5	2.80
中新世	浮游有孔虫	M12	Globoquadrina dehiscens末现面	469.4	10.00
	钙质超微化石	NN7	Cyclicargolithus floridanus末现面	562.9	11.85	2	Gradstein等(2012)
	钙质超微化石	NN6/5	Sphenolithus heteromorphus末现面	562.9	13.53
	钙质超微化石	NN4	Sphenolithus heteromorphus初现面	845.6	17.71

Microfossils in the Neogene carbonate platform of Nansha Islands and their significance^*

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Microfossils in the Neogene carbonate platform of Nansha Islands and their significance*

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Microfossils in the Neogene carbonate platform of Nansha Islands and their significance^*