风对南海波浪的能量输入及其长期变化

doi:10.11978/2015097

Abstract

Abstract: The energy of winds into surface waves in the South China Sea during 1871-2008 was estimated by using the ocean reanalysis data of SODA (simple ocean data assimilation) 2.2.4 (1871-2008). The results showed that the annual wind energy input is about 0.2 TW, and that the spatial pattern of this kind of input is mainly located in the northern parts of the South China Sea during winter and in the southern parts in summer; and the intensity of summer input is much weaker than that of winter. Similar results were obtained by using the ERA-40 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts re-analysis-40) (1957-2002) and ERA-20C (1900-2010) data sets. The secular trend of wind energy input into waves was reduced at the rate of 0.43% per year since 1950. We also studied the swells and wind waves, which are two categories of the waves, by using the ERA-interim data. The spatial pattern of wind energy input into the swells and wind waves is mainly located in the northern parts of the South China Sea, but there is also a high wind energy input into the wind waves area in the southern parts of the South China Sea. The secular trend of the wind energy input into swells was increasing, and the same trend of wind energy input into the wind waves was reducing; the total energy input was also reducing by the joint effect of swells and wind waves. All of this was thanks to the weakening East Asian monsoon, which dominated in the South China Sea, in recent decades. These results are significant for understanding the variation of the surface waves in the South China Sea.

Key words: ocean wave, South China Sea, wind power, East Asian monsoon

CLC Number:

P732.6

CUI Chaoran, GUAN Yuping, ZHU Yaohua, WANG Hui, HUANG Ruixin. Wind energy input and its secular change of surface waves in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2016, 35(4): 21-30.

References

[1] 郭佩芳, 施平, 王华, 等, 1997. 划分风浪与涌浪的一个新判据——海浪成份及其在南海的应用[J]. 青岛海洋大学学报, 27(2): 131-137. GUO PEIFANG, SHI PING, WANG HUA, et al, 1997. A new criterion between wind wave and swell wave—by mixed wave composition factors and its application to the south china sea[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 27(2): 131-137 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2] 贺圣平, 王会军, 2012. 东亚冬季风综合指数及其表达的东亚冬季风年际变化特征[J]. 大气科学, 36(3): 523-538. HE SHENGPING, WANG HUIJUN, 2012. An integrated East Asian winter monsoon index and its interannual variability[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 36(3): 523-538 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] 李金洪, 1988. 混合浪波高分布[J]. 海洋学报, 10(4): 408-418.
[4] 凌征, 金宝刚, 崔红, 等, 2012. 热带气旋对南海表层流和波浪的能量输入[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 42(7-8): 10-18. LING ZHENG, JIN BAOGANG, CUI HONG, et al, 2012. Evaluation of the wind energy input to the surface Currents and waves induced by the tropical cyclones in the South China Sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 42(7-8): 10-18 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 齐义泉, 施平, 毛庆文, 等, 2003. 基于T/P资料分析南海海面风、浪场特征及其关系[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 18(5): 619-624. QI YIQUAN, SHI PING, MAO QINGWEN, et al, 2003. Relationship and characteristic of the sea surface wind and wave fields over the south china sea derived from T/P altimeter[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 18(5): 619-624 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] 裘沙怡, 梁楚进, 董昌明, 等, 2013. 南海海面风、浪场时空变化特征及其关系分析[J]. 海洋学研究, 31(4): 1-9. QIU SHAYI, LIANG CHUJIN, DONG CHANGMING, et al, 2013. Analysis of the temporal and spatial variations in the wind and wave over the south china sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 31(4): 1-9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7] 王会军, 范可, 2013. 东亚季风近几十年来的主要变化特征[J]. 大气科学, 37(2): 313-318. WANG HUIJUN, FAN KE, 2013. Recent changes in the east Asian monsoon[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 37(2): 313-318 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] 吴克俭, 杨忠良, 刘斌, 等, 2008. 波浪对Ekman层的能量输入[J]. 中国科学 D辑: 地球科学, 38(1): 134-140. WU KEJIAN, YANG ZHONGLIANG, LIU BIN, et al, 2008. Wave energy input into the Ekman layer[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 51(1): 134-141 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] 杨忠良, 2007. 波浪对南中国海Ekman层风能输入的影响[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学. YANG ZHONGLIANG, 2007. Wave influences on wind energy input into the Ekman layer in the South China Sea[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China (in Chinese).
[10] 张连新, 2011. 风浪条件及飞沫对海气热通量的影响的研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学. ZHANG LIANGXIN, 2011. Effects of sea spray and wind sea conditions on air-sea heat flux[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China (in Chinese).
[11] 郑崇伟, 林刚, 孙岩, 等, 2012. 近22年南海波浪能资源模拟研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 31(6): 13-19. ZHENG CHONGWEI, LIN GANG, SUN YAN, et al, 2012. Simulation of wave energy resources in the south china sea during the past 22 years[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 31(6): 13-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 庄晓宵, 林一骅, 2014. 全球海洋海浪要素季节变化研究[J]. 大气科学, 38(2): 251-260. ZHUANG XIAOXIAO, LIN YIHUA, 2014. Seasonal variation of global ocean wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 38(2): 251-260 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] 宗芳伊, 2014. 近20年南海波浪及波浪能分布、变化研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学. ZONG FANGYI, 2014. Research on distributions and variations of sea wave and wave energy in south china sea during recent 20 years[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China (in Chinese).
[14] CARDONE V J, GREENWOOD J G, CANE M A, 1990. On trends in historical marine wind data[J]. Journal of Climate, 3(1): 113-127.
[15] CARTON J A, GIESE B S, GRODSKY S A, 2005. Sea level rise and the warming of the oceans in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) ocean reanalysis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(C9): C09006.
[16] CARTON J A, GIESE B S, 2008. A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 136(8): 2999-3017.
[17] DU YAN, QU TANGDONG, 2010. Three inflow pathways of the Indonesian throughflow as seen from the simple ocean data assimilation[J]. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 233-256.
[18] FANG GUOHONG, CHEN HAIYING, WEI ZEXUN, et al, 2006. Trends and interannual variability of the South China Sea surface winds, surface height, and surface temperature in the recent decade[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C11): C11S16.
[19] GIESE B S, RAY S, 2011. El Niño variability in simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), 1871-2008[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C2): C02024.
[20] HUANG QIAN, GUAN YUPING, 2012. Does the Asian monsoon modulate tropical cyclone activity over the South China Sea?[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 30(6): 960-965.
[21] LIU LINGLING, WANG WEI, HUANG RUIXIN, 2008. The mechanical energy input to the ocean induced by tropical cyclones[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 38(6): 1253-1266.
[22] LIU GUOQIANG, HE YIJUN, ZHANG YUANZHI, et al, 2012. Estimation of global wind energy input to the surface waves based on the scatterometer[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 9(6): 1017-1020.
[23] MORIMOTO A, YOSHIMOTO K, YANAGI T, 2000. Characteristics of sea surface circulation and eddy field in the South China Sea revealed by satellite altimetric data[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 56(3): 331-334.
[24] SHAW P T, CHAO S-Y, FU L-L, 1998. Sea surface height variations in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry[J]. Oceanologica Acta, 22(1): 1-17.
[25] TENG YONG, YANG YONGZENG, QIAO FANGLI, et al, 2009. Energy budget of surface waves in the global ocean[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 28(3): 5-10.
[26] TOURNADRE J, 2014. Anthropogenic pressure on the open ocean: The growth of ship traffic revealed by altimeter data analysis[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(22): 7924-7932.
[27] VARGAS-HERNANDEZ J M, WIJFFELS S, MEYERS G, et al, 2014. Evaluating SODA for Indo-Pacific Ocean decadal climate variability studies[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(11): 7854-7868.
[28] WANG HUIJUN, 2001. The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the End of 1970’s[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 18(3): 376-386.
[29] WANG HUIJUN, 2002. The instability of the East Asian Summer Monsoom-ENSO relations[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 19(1): 1-11.
[30] WANG WEI, HUANG RUIXIN, 2004. Wind energy input to the surface waves[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2004, 34(5): 1276-1280.
[31] WANG BIN, HUANG FEI, WU ZHIWEI, et al, 2009. Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review[J]. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 47(1-3): 15-37.
[32] XIE SHANGPING, XIE QIANG, WANG DONGXIAO, et al, 2003. Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C8): 3261.
[33] YANG HAIYUAN, WU LIXIN, 2012. Trends of upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea during 1959-2008[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(C8): C08037.
[34] ZHAI XIAOMING, JOHNSON H L, MARSHALL D P, et al, 2012. On the wind power input to the ocean general circulation[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42(8): 1357-1365.

Wind energy input and its secular change of surface waves in the South China Sea

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, YUAN Li, XU Xiaolu. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 3. data sharing service and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 158-165.
[2]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, HE Yunkai, YUAN Li, XU Xiaolu. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 1. data reorganization technology and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 143-149.
[3]	XU Chao, LONG Lijuan, LI Sha, XU Xiaolu, YUAN Li. Systematic reorganization of historical data of scientific investigation in the South China Sea and its affiliated islands and reefs 2. data curation and application [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 150-157.
[4]	LIU Yuan, KE Zhixin, LI Kaizhi, TAN Yehui, LIANG Junce, ZHOU Weihua. Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.
[5]	LIU Didi, ZHANG Xiyang, SUN Fulin, WANG Mingzhuang, TAN Fei, SHI Qi, WANG Guan, YANG Hongqiang. Microbial communities and specific strains within beachrocks of the South China Sea: implications for the origin of beachrock* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 112-122.
[6]	JIANG Lyumiao, CHEN Tianran, ZHAO Kuan, ZHANG Ting, XU Lijia. Experimental study on bioerosion of marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 155-165.
[7]	XU Lijia, LIAO Zhiheng, CHEN Hui, WANG Yongzhi, HUANG Baiqiang, LIN Qiaoyun, GAN Jianfeng, YANG Jing. Community structure of scleractinian corals in the northern South China Sea and their responses to the marine heatwaves [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 58-71.
[8]	ZHAO Minghui, YUAN Ye, ZHANG Jiazheng, ZHANG Cuimei, GAO Jinwei, WANG Qiang, SUN Zhen, CHENG Jinhui. New developments on the rift-breakup of the continent-ocean transition zone in the northern margin of the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(2): 173-183.
[9]	HUANG Yu, WANG Lin, MAI Zhimao, LI Jie, ZHANG Si. Isolation and characterization of sand fixation ability of bacteria in biological soil crusts of the tropical islands, South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 101-110.
[10]	WANG Chenyan, SHI Jingwen, YAN Annan, KANG Yaru, WANG Yuxuan, QIN Suli, HAN Minwei, ZHANG Ruijie, YU Kefu. Bioaccumulation characteristics and source apportionment of organophosphate esters in Acanthaster planci from the South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(5): 30-37.
[11]	LI Niu, DI Pengfei, FENG Dong, CHEN Duofu. The impact of cold seepage on geochemical indices for redox conditions of marine sediments ―Site F active seep site in the northeastern South China Sea^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(5): 144-153.
[12]	ZHANG Zhisheng, XIE Lingling, LI Junyi, LI Qiang. Comparative analysis of mesoscale eddy evolution during life cycle in marginal sea and open ocean: South China Sea and Kuroshio Extension [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 63-76.
[13]	YANG Lei, WEN Jinhui, WANG Qiang, LUO Xi, HUANG Huaming, HE Yunkai, CHEN Ju. Recent research progress in the influence of tropical cyclones on the Luzon Strait transport^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 40-51.
[14]	ZHAO Zhongxian, SUN Zhen, MAO Yunhua, ZHANG Huodai. Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 96-115.
[15]	LIU Qinyan, LI Wenlian, SHI Rui, CHEN Ju, LI Chunhui, XIE Qiang. The characteristics of eddy in western boundary current of South China Sea and its relationship with winter circulation [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 52-66.